Salvador Dali’s “Metamorphosis of Narcissus” Essay Example

Salvador Dali’s â€Å"Metamorphosis of Narcissus† Essay The point of convergence of this paper is to assess and break down the notable composition by Salvador Dali’s â€Å"Metamorphosis of Narcissus†. This artwork is viewed as one of Dali’s most hypnotizing work that is exceptional underway of old style work under the boundaries of oddity. Narcissus is a saint in Greek folklore who becomes hopelessly enamored with his own picture or shadow. He was a wonderful kid however never got over the magnificence of his own appearance and in the process he pined away amazing. After his passing the Greek divine beings transformed him into a blossom and was named the Narcissus. This component of shallow symbolism that included transformation, demise and significant love was sufficient to impact a surrealist of Dali’s height and painted this topic in 1937. He was so intrigued by the subject that later he distributed a book by a similar name. By and by, this artistic creation is arranged at the Tate Gallery, London.[1] The Metamorphosis of Narcissus is a work of oil on canvas and it is a painting with measurements of 20† x 30.25† (511 x 781 mm). This is a painting when Dali was experiencing his Paranoiac-basic period. The essential component of the composition shows the focal character of Narcissus is sitting next to lake and looking at his own appearance. Close by, we can locate a stone that is rotting or decaying. This stone figure is intently relating to Narcissus however we can accept this stone speak to the adjust picture of Narcissus as we discover there is a hand holding an egg or bulb from which a bloom, apparently narcissus (nargis in Arabic), is developing. In the center piece of these two pictures there are eight exposed figures, both male and female, who appear show up in changed states of mind yet the basic feeling among them shows up as cry in anguish. Far away, a figure is showing up not too far off and this also speaks to Narcissus.[2] (King, 56-58) We will compose a custom exposition test on Salvador Dali’s â€Å"Metamorphosis of Narcissus† explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Salvador Dali’s â€Å"Metamorphosis of Narcissus† explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Salvador Dali’s â€Å"Metamorphosis of Narcissus† explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer From an unbiased perspective this artistic creation seems to produce a digestion of various figures that incorporates eight individuals, bluff, a gorge, a chess board, one starving pooch caught up with eating substance, a decaying stone, dim water, a subterranean insect pervaded hand and an individual. It could be effortlessly accepted that every one of these symbolisms are put on a similar even plane just to fill in the peddle. It can likewise be recommended that the fundamental part of all these supposed immaterial articles is to divert the watcher from the real purpose of proposal or importance. In any case, at a more critical look and delicate feel a watcher would have the option to explore the underlying Catch 22 of Dali’s strange methodology. It would be explained that the craftsman needed to list the sentiment of expectation and sadness simultaneously and at a similar canvas. These two clearly inverse feelings are thought about each other and it can likewise be expresse d that regardless of how very different these feelings are, as per the craftsman, they are nevertheless each other’s appearance in actuality. As it is said when all is said in done terms these are the polar opposite countenances of a coin. Therefore the whole creation with for its entire life and inertia, expectation and sadness, is turning and curving in flimsy air and the whole development is moving towards an unsure fate where the end might be a totally new creation or express decimation. Everything portrayed in this artistic creation along these lines speaks to a considerable delay of the unavoidable, with all its excellence and yearning, towards obscure. [3] It can be additionally spoken to as a pattern of life and demise and resurrection where expectation stays after various passings throughout everyday life. This continues endlessly for ever and it is a conviction that these two are indistinguishable from any point of view. It tends to be referenced that from an inacce ssible no doubt the craftsman painted something very similar multiple times, one in earthy colored and another in blue. Notwithstanding, once reviewed at a closer range it would be evident that there are no likenesses between the different sides. In any case, the reality remains that underlying translation would scarcely locate any undeniable difference and feel that this situating of pictures are all aggregation of two primary hues that connotes time everlasting and demise. So evidently, one can feel that Dali has no inclination over life and death.â But Dali underpins life by painting the blossom in dynamic white which turns out to be increasingly conspicuous inside the use of blue and earthy colored in this way unmistakably demonstrating his inclination. He inclines toward trust over sadness. [4] It very well may be referenced in this stage Dali was impacted by Andre Breton, a French artist, who began the Surrealist development, and turned into an official individual from the development in 1929 subsequent to perusing the surrealist statement â€Å"La Revolution Surrealist†. Anyway it is fascinating to discover that, being a down to earth character, Dali once broadly commented that â€Å"The contrast between the surrealists and me is that I am a Surrealist†. Another significant impact on Dali’s work was the translation of dream and the procedure of therapy by Sigmund Freud. Dali got keen on the freedom of creative mind. In any case, the most significant impact of his Paranoiac-basic period in painting The Metamorphosis of Narcissus is his visit to Italy. He visited multiple times in the mid 1937 to consider the artistic creations by his venerated images Leonardo and Vermeer. Consequently he additionally became affected by other old style craftsmen like Ve lazquez, Uccello, Raphael and Botticelli. All these impact summarized into an entirely different method of creative experimentation for Dali. The final product was a way of thinking that joined the traditional vibes and most recent logical advancements alongside freshest philosophical intense procedure and in this way the celebrated The Metamorphosis of Narcissus was made. It tends to be expressed that this painting is a consequence of unadulterated automatism or programmed painting where the fundamental subject was acquired from the old Greek folklore. [5](Dollard, 339-41) This limit of joining the most recent logical way of thinking with old portrayal got obvious in a considerable lot of Dali’s work at this period where The Temptation of St. Anthony painted in 1946; Ballerina in a Deaths Head in 1939 and Swans Reflecting Elephants painted in1937 are a portion of the prime models. Be that as it may, development of the manner of thinking had begun before with Premonition of Civil War or Soft Construction with Boiled Beans and Face of Mae West Which May Be Used as an Apartment painted in 1935 demonstrates this pattern. Anyway his 1954 artistic creation Young Virgin Auto-Sodomized by the Horns of Her Own Chastity reviews this equivalent impact at some degree. [6] It tends to be expressed that that the craftsmanship of Dali was very extraordinary structure his kindred surrealists or counterparts like Giorgio de Chirico, Dan Piraro, Victor Bregeda, Jacques-Andrã © Boiffard, Eduardo Paolozzi, Renã © Magritte or Eileen Agar. His works unmistakably demonstrated the explanatory subtleties introduced in an anatomical structure. In this regard Dali can well be counted as an old style painter who followed a particular way of thinking of oddity. His work of art Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus) in 1954 or Christ of St. John of the Cross painted in 1951 demonstrates his capacity to paint life structures was corresponding to that of the renaissance aces. The truth of the matter is Dali thought well about his quality and suggested them with extraordinary authority on the campaign while changing the philosophical part of the subject. [7] In this regard he stays altogether different from another contemporary well known craftsman Pablo Picasso. Picasso, being an ace of anatomical artistic creations, as found in Boy adjusting on a ball painted in his beginning phases, never suggested it on his work and decided to deconstruct the human figure with various measurements. Dali then again executed imagery in painting however stayed account not at all like Picasso and never surrendered anatomical likeness, regardless of how deconstructed it is, of human life structures. In any case, one intriguing perception can be made in this regard. Both the celebrated artistic creations, The Metamorphosis of Narcissus by Dali and Guernica by Pablo Picasso showed up around the same time for example 1937. Both these work of art was a dissent against the Spanish decimation yet in an alternate way. While Picasso was progressively energetic with his looks of dissent Dali decided to be increasingly extraordinary and overwhelmed by his annoyance . The ants in the hand holding the egg of narcissus speaks to mass homicide of Spanish development in this manner hindering the procedure of resurrection or creation.[8] This is the place Salvador Dali Stands separated from his peers with all his authority and logical points. Taking everything into account it could be expressed that Dali, as a painter, was an extremely special figure. His work of art on Narcissus stays one of the most astounding artistic creations of the cutting edge time. In the period when unique structures turned into the request for the way of thinking Dali stayed traditional it might be said yet always remembered to leave his imprint on every one of his canvases by sheer utilization of philosophical understandings that is entrancing, surprising, amazing and now and again upsetting to pundits.

Clamoring and Clambering

Clamoring and Clambering Clamoring and Clambering Clamoring and Clambering By Maeve Maddox Paul Russell points out our disarray between the action words fuss [kläÆ'mé™r] and clamber.[kläÆ'mbé™r]. I simply found the expression F1s supports were climbing for a nearness in the USA. One rackets for consideration or, for this situation, for a nearness. Utilized as both thing and action word, racket originates from Latin fuss, a yell. As a thing, racket implies Uproarious yelling or objection, vociferation; esp. the energized clamor of eager intrigue, objection, or restriction: ordinarily, yet not continually, suggesting a blending of voices. As an intransitive action word, clatter implies To make a clatter; to yell, or articulate boisterous and proceeded with cries or calls; to raise an objection, make a commotion or noise of discourse. Said of people, creatures, and instruments of commotion. Climb, then again, is identified with the action word climb. It implies To move by getting hold with hands and feet; to crawl or creep up (or down); to move with trouble and exertion. Speakers who clearly see no difference in the way to express the two words substitute climb for fuss in settings proposed to pass on the possibility that individuals are making an objection over something. As the most straightforward yoga advocates climb for more acknowledgment in established researchers, it is they who become a great deal more certain about their own convictions. The Girl Scout troops that spread Celina, Prosper and Frisco schools are climbing for individuals this year. As we referenced in our last email, after our discourse at Mike’s occasion, we were encircled by rings of individuals climbing forâ more information†¦ There are numerous voices out there today, every one climbing for our consideration. She was making a decent benefit on it and continued selling stuff she wasnt anticipating it since individuals were climbing for additional. It is anything but an unexpected that Europeans and Americans are climbing for Asian components. Regardless of whether one articulates the two words as/kläÆ'mé™r/, its simple to pick the right one. Take a stab at subbing the word climb or call and see which one bodes well: There are numerous voices out there today, every one moving for our consideration. There are numerous voices out there today, every one requiring our consideration. On the off chance that climb bodes well in the specific situation, climb is the word you need. On the off chance that call bodes well, noise is the word you need. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Cost-Effective versus Cost-EfficientHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and Tricks5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Understanding Groups and Managing Teams

Question: Examine about the Understanding Groups and Managing Teams. Answer: Presentation The principle case broke down in this report is drawn from Sir Richard Branson: overseeing gatherings and groups at Virgin gave in pages 421 and 422.The primary point of this investigation is to show the more profound comprehension of the collaboration alongside the difficulties and openings it presents for the chiefs colleagues. In meeting the above point, four inquiries are replied. Question one recognizes the sorts of groups existing inside the Virgin gathering of firms. Question two rundown the periods of advancement alongside task jobs cap direct the viability of these gatherings. It further presents a conversation on how different jobs and periods of improvement are clear and direct results inside the gathering. Being referred to three, a meaning of highlights of the gathering and recognizable proof of how such qualities adjust to aggregate practices alongside execution inside the Virgin gathering of firms. It further present a clarification of qualities and shortcoming of thes e with respect to colleagues practices like cohesiveness, strife just as execution. The last inquiry (4) presents instances of how social cooperations strengthen bunch exercises inside the Virgin gathering of firms. A short end summing up the whole report is then introduced. Kinds of Teams inside Virgin Group The Group includes a customary gathering that involves at least two mutually dependent people who connect and impact each other in a common journey for a shared goalmouth. These gatherings come up short on the hierarchical structure nor does the gathering have absence of shared objectives and reason grasped by a group. Under the Virgin gathering, both formal and casual gatherings exist. The individual firms comprising Virgin Group of Companies establish formal gatherings that are made authoritatively for a specific reason (Mao 2016). The Virgin Group of organizations envelop formal just as casual work gatherings. Formal gatherings envelop task bunches like Virgin ground team alongside order bunches like the organization board. The exercises of Virgin Group may be temporary or unending. For example, extra groups of brief staff could be enabled in tallness of get-away (occasion) periods to adapt to extra request. The casual gatherings like individuals among flight group staff. These ca n involve intrigue bunches just as fellowship gatherings. The conventional gathering are built up by the association like Virgin for specific motivations behind the association whereby casual gatherings are set up by laborers along these lines serving the enthusiasm of individuals. Phases of Development and Task Roles The development of a gathering into a group happens in five stages. The primary stages incorporate is the shaping stage whereby the gathering gets arranged just as familiar. The second is the raging which is damaged by the outside of individual characters just as jobs along with clashes inside the gathering. The third stage portrays the norming stage in which answers for the contention are shown up at in this way prompting cozy connections improvement close by the rise of solidarity and amicability. The fourth stage is the acting where the individuals center around getting answers for the issues nearby the culmination of errand allocated. The fifth and last stage is suspending in which individuals get readied to disband the group. The jobs and improvement stages are obvious and impact the results inside the Virgin gathering of firms. All the while, chiefs have a key task to carry out to guarantee compelling group. For instance, director ensure that people are coordinating and efficiently incorporate their individual endeavors to achieve a mutual objective. In addition, chiefs build up an atmosphere of trust and corresponding confidence in the considerations and practices of others which encourage cooperation. The chiefs likewise guarantee group cohesiveness which guarantee that the destinations and objectives are accomplished as individuals stay together. Supervisors additionally build up quantifiable objectives and recognize the criticism of the presentation of individuals which offer the chance to improve their results. Chiefs further rouse their individuals by guaranteeing that they responsible commonly to one another. A propelled worker is increasingly profitable and this at that point adds to the general efficiency of the Virgin Group of organizations. The administrators further guarantee that the group size is ideal which upgrades cooperation and assurance with required assets they help complete their work successfully. The administrators additionally guarantee that colleagues play out their jobs according to the adequate conduct in this manner cultivating valuable connections among the individuals from the group. The administrators likewise guarantee powerful group standards, general rules and rules of conduct followed by colleagues subsequently guaranteeing that the companys objective are met effectively. This is obvious from the Virgin gathering of organizations described with customary gathering of at least 2 self-overseeing people that interface and impact each other in shared quest for shared objective. Both formal (task bunches like Virgin ground team alongside order bunches like organization load up) and casual (remembers individuals for flight team, intrigue gathering and companionship gathering) work bunches exist in Virgin Groups. Attributes of a Group The workers of Branson are energized by being given opportunity. Branson holds that it noteworthy for laborers higher up inside the gathering since this permits to know the laborers on a progressively close to home degrees outside the work. There is a significant level of participation between the workers in the organization which guarantees they meet their assignments and jobs in time. Branson keeps every one of the Virgin business little under the bigger Virgin gathering and maintains a budgetary enthusiasm for singular organizations set up. The work bunch conduct is separated into results, procedures and sources of info. The enrollment division in Virgin guarantees proper data sources. The aptitude of individuals must be significant and must show great relational abilities. The gatherings are expanded with experts in enlistments. Branson has additionally placed significant confidence in the enlistment groups to utilize people who fit the Virgin business procedure. There are equiva lent number of female and male representatives inside the division that make right equalization inside work gatherings. Laborers are pulled in to specific Virgin divisions since they appreciate corporate exercises they major in just as worth their corporate objectives. Individuals are recruited not in light of capacity and experience however for their agreeable perspectives just as general abilities along these lines empowering the representatives to fit into any activity under the gathering. Instances of Social Interaction bolster Virgin Group Activities The individuals from the gathering have various jobs to satisfy. The gathering task jobs like a facilitator, data supplier just as data searcher. The support jobs like standard setter, encourager and adherent. Such jobs stay key to the gathering work process. Gatherings like aircraft ground group or airline steward groups need to create through arrangement of stages recognized previously. Certain people in the gathering or group are allotted specific jobs however emanant pioneers essentially take such jobs upon themselves. Laborers can additionally take on self-arranged jobs, for own self-satisfaction. Such incorporate being a blocker, assailant, acknowledgment searcher and dominator. Collaboration and commitment is empowered with people and individuals are recommended to have a bravery of drawing in with others since discussion can modify the world. The gathering size is ideal to encourage communications like aircraft utilizes broad gathering preparing for the flight group and ground team. As a gathering increases it is stretched into a subsequent organization to get engaged and deft. The pioneers are dynamic with positive cooperative energies which guarantee more noteworthy increases from bunch collaboration. The standards like in flight permit individuals to act in authorized way accordingly keeping up consistency of the corporate guidelines (Haas and Choudhury 2016). A comical inclination just as want to have a fabulous time are given in the gathering. Gathering cohesiveness is additionally guarant eed to guarantee better execution. Individuals from the group have comparative qualities and perspectives prompting better consequently compelling correspondence and employment fulfillment (Agarwal et al. 2016). End Bransons case is an average case of a fruitful collaboration. Firms need to emulate this by guaranteeing ideal group size, cohesiveness, opportunity and social communication. Execution prompts positive correspondence which thus prompts work fulfillment. References Agarwal, R., Campbell, B.A., Franco, A.M. what's more, Ganco, M., 2016. What Do I Take With Me? The Mediating Effect of Spin-out Team Size and Tenure on the FounderFirm Performance Relationship. Institute of Management Journal, 59(3), pp.1060-1087. Haas, M. furthermore, Choudhury, P., 2016, January. Team up to Innovate? Group Size, Patenting, and Collaborative Complexity in a Global RD Center (WITHDRAWN). In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 17221). Foundation of Management. Mao, A., Mason, W., Suri, S. furthermore, Watts, D.J., 2016. A trial investigation of group size and execution on a perplexing errand. PloS one, 11(4), p.e0153048.

His Bright Light Essays - Nick Traina, Danielle Steel, Steel

His Bright Light In Danielle Steel's His Guiding Light, Steel communicated that its better to attempt, and afterward fall flat, at that point to have never have attempted. Steel's child Nick Traina was a decent individual; He was not a terrible child he was a debilitated child. He attempted to put forth a valiant effort and needed individuals to cherish him for whom he was. I need individuals to realize they can have faith in me and trust me. Steel stated, All I needed to do was to enable him. To scratch was wiped out and required assistance and her heart was loaded up with adoration and trust in him. Scratch Traina, Was not a terrible child he was a wiped out child numerous individuals attempted to help him for an amazing duration. Scratch had a psychological issue, and when an individual is intellectually sick the individuals that are expected to adore them surrender, and now and then put them in mental establishments. At the point when deserted they will in general feel undesirable and disliked and go into a descending winding of sorrow. That is one thing Steel never needed Nick to feel, undesirable or on the other hand disliked. She was resolved to do everything to give her child what he required. Scratch was in an evil perspective, Steel said; All I needed to do was help him. The main individual that could help him was himself. He needed to change he realized he was getting his loved ones through torment, he was unable to do it on his own. Nobody can make an individual change; somebody can enable them, to manage them, and love them through their battle of progress. They will possibly succeed in the event that they need to. Scratch stated, I need individuals to realize they can put stock in me and trust me. When you believe somebody you put all your confidence in that individual. Steel attempted to believe him yet every time she figured she might he be able to would decimate the just trust that she had. She put stock in him, she realized he could show signs of improvement on the off chance that he simply attempted and when he improved. The main thing you can do is attempt, and that is the thing that Steel did she attempted to give him the best life, to comprehend his torment and strife. It is direful viewing an individual you love experience life, step by step engaging a devil within them, knowing one day the evil spirit will eat up them.

Kilauea essays

Kilauea papers Hawaii comprises of a series of islands, or an archapelago. Kilauea is situated on one of these islands, the focal Hawaii island. Kilauea is one of the universes generally dynamic volcanic holes. Pits are framed either by the huge breakdown of material during volcanic action, by strangely brutal blasts, or later by disintegration during torpidity (Comptons). It is arranged on the southeastern incline of the extraordinary volcanic mountain Mauna Loa. Its rise is 1111 m (3646 ft.) above ocean level. The pit has a region of around 10 sq. km., which shapes an incredible pit in the side of the mountain. Volcanic movement as of late has been limited to an internal pit called Halemaumau. Halemaumau quantifies in excess of 900 m (around 3000 ft.) across and has a profundity of around 400 m (about 1300 ft.). Kilauea has emitted at any rate once every year since 1952. The fountain of liquid magma heaves an normal of 525,000 cubic yards of magma daily and by 1995 had included around 500 sections of land of new land to the island (Encarta 98). By June 1989, it had pulverized the guests community at the national park, a stretch of Kalapana Highway, and in excess of 65 houses by 1990. Kilauea is situated on a problem area under the island, and the magma is thought to originate from a profundity of in any event 50 km. beneath the surface. A problem area is a region of volcanic action close to the focal point of two lithospeheric plates. Regularly, magma streams continually into the floor of the cavity from underground sources which either cools and solidifies, or amasses until it depletes off into other underground sections. At the point when more noteworthy volcanic action happens, the magma is exposed to unexpected changes of level, where it might escape from vents on the lower slant toward the ocean. Kilauea is delegated a shield fountain of liquid magma. Shield volcanoes have a low, expansive profile made by exceptionally liquid basalt streams that spread over wide regions. The liquid basalt ... <!

How to Best Manage Your Income Taxes

How to Best Manage Your Income Taxes The famous saying “In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes” is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin. Whether or not Franklin was the first to say this famous quote, the quote itself is quite good in putting forward the feeling people have towards tax. © Shutterstock.com | Africa StudioWhile most don’t jump out of joy when income tax filing approaches, it is nevertheless an important part of one’s finances. But how to best manage your income taxes? In this guide, you can 1) learn about income tax, 2) the benefits of managing your taxes and 3) tips for ensuring you are doing the right things when it comes to income tax.WHAT IS INCOME TAX?Income tax is one of the most known taxes around the world. It is a tax governments impose on financial income the entity generated within the government’s jurisdiction. Income tax is imposed on both business entities as well as individuals. The income tax of companies or corporations is often referred to as companies tax or corporate tax.The tax is payable on the gains from a specific period set by the governing jurisdiction. In most instances, the period is the country’s financial year, but corporations especially might pay income tax for a shorter period as well. There are also other dif ferences in the procedures and you can find more about these in the sections below.A business entity or the individual might in some instances be eligible to receive a tax refund. On the other hand, if the entity has filed an income tax return, which doesn’t fully cover the required amount, they might need to pay extra at the end of the tax period.There are different methods countries use when it comes to deciding income tax rates. In the majority of cases income tax for individuals follows a progressive tax scale. This means that those who earn more often pay more in proportion to those earning less. Most countries use income tax to fund basic government functions such as healthcare, education and infrastructure.When it comes to the history of income tax, it is interesting to note the concept is relatively new one. Although different taxes have been part of the human history since the earliest of times, tax on income has been a relatively new invention.For instance, in the US the first income tax was imposed during the War of 1812, as a method of repaying the debt incurred through war-related expenses. When the war ended, the tax was repelled, but income tax became a permanent fiscal tool in the early 20th century.You can find out more about the history of income tax in the US from the video below: Differences in income tax around the worldThe income tax systems around the world can vary somewhat, but there are certain similarities as well. Here’s a quick look at the similarities and differences around the world.There are some differences and countries have dealt with issues on double taxation with different tax treaties.This means most people are subject to income tax from earnings they receive from all over the world in a single jurisdiction. Thus, a resident in the UK would need to pay income tax on all earnings, whether or not the payments were made in the UK.One exception to the rule is Hong Kong and Singapore. These regions only tax residents on the income earned in or remitted to the country.Furthermore, the income that is taxed typically refers to payments that enrich the taxpayer. Naturally the most common is payments from offering ones labour either through services or goods. In addition, most countries also include payments such as gain from a sale of property, interests, pensions, dividends, annuities, and such as income.There are also country differences as to how income tax is paid. In many systems, the tax is automatically withheld from payments, such as salary, and the taxpayer can later file tax return and receive tax refund, if too much money was withheld or on the other hand, the person might be required to pay more. But other countries require the person to make a tax return at the end of the tax period and make the payment accordingly.Perhaps the biggest differences between countries are in terms of income tax rates. Most countries use a progressive rate for individual income tax, whereas business income tax is often set to a single rate.If you are not interested in paying income tax, you should know there are a few countries in the world with a zero income tax rate. Among the countries that don’t impose an income tax are:BermudaMonacoThe BahamasAndorraThe United Arab EmiratesTHE BENEFITS OF MANAGING INCOME TAXESFiling income taxes is not the top activity for most people. There are huge differences in the procedure, yet the process always requires quite a bit of work.Therefore, it is crucial you’ll find the best ways to manage your income taxes. In fact, there are some big benefits to managing the payments and the process appropriately. Before we look at how to best manage your income taxes, here are some key benefits you’ll be able to enjoy if you do so.Cut the stressFirst, you can cut quite a bit of stress from your life if you manage your income taxes. The truth is much of the income tax stress people experience is self-created. For instance, in the US, nearly 50 million people fi le their income tax returns on the final two weeks before the deadline. This means around one-third of the individual income tax returns are filed in the final minutes â€" clearly something to get anyone’s stress levels rising.Part of the reasons why people tend to procrastinate is down to insufficient understanding of income tax. That is why a proper management of your accounts will immediately help your tax filing and therefore, reduce stress.Avoid penalties or wrong paymentsAnother reason to manage your income tax returns is purely to cut down the risk of having to pay penalties or to have to pay more later. If you prepare your taxes on time and spend enough time understanding what you need to pay, you’re less likely to make a mistake and suffer from it.According to figures from the UK tax authority, nearly 730,000 million people from the total 10.34 million who had to file for self-assessment of income tax filed them late. This resulted in £73 million worth of payment penal ties. While this is good for the taxman, it definitely isn’t something you want to aspire to.If you have to file your income tax in a rush or if you don’t have appropriate knowledge of the tax system, you’ll most likely end up making a few mistakes. While these might not amount to anything serious, you still don’t want to be paying for any more than you need to.Boost your income, pay less taxFinally, perhaps to biggest benefits of managing your income tax is all about financial gain. As mentioned above, if you don’t plan for your taxes properly and you make them on the last minute, you don’t just suffer from stress, you might also end up having to pay for mistakes or late payments.But even if you file your tax return on time, you might miss out on certain benefits available to you, if you don’t pay a lot of attention to your tax. Most systems in the world have different benefits and quirks you might be able to enjoy, but because knowing about these requires some resear ch, many don’t get to benefit from them.For example, in the US, nearly 70% of taxpayers only file for the most commonly known tax returns. Part of this is down to improper understanding of what you can deduct and claim from your income tax, and part of it is down to avoiding more hassle.But if you properly manage your income tax, you can end up paying less income tax and have a more hassle-free tax filing experience. Filing taxes doesn’t need to be difficult and the following section will help you manage your income taxes in a straightforward manner.KEY STEPS TO TAKENow that you understand what income tax entails and the benefits of managing your payments, it is time to look at the key steps for proper tax management. Looking after your finances doesn’t need to be difficult and time-consuming, but it will require a bit of planning.Here are the key steps you need to take in order to best manage your income tax.Know the crucial tax dates and prepare for themFirst, it is importan t to understand when your income tax filings are due. You don’t want to be rushing through the filing process on the final minute and learning the tax dates can help you start planning.Remember there are different dates you often need to keep in mind. It is important to make note of all of them and further analyze which are essential for you during a given tax year. Although the actual dates will vary from country to country, the following are a list of the key tax deadlines you should check with your tax authority:The tax period â€" make sure you note the taxation period from start to finish to ensure you calculate the tax correctly.Deadline for filing income tax â€" keep in mind you might have different deadline for online and offline submissions.Deadline for filing tax returns.Deadline for filing different parts of income tax â€" in some countries different aspects of the income tax, such as dividends, might need to be filed separately.Deadline to seek extension.Deadline for pa ying incomes tax â€" again, you might have a different deadline for online and offline payments.Deadline for paying extra income tax.Deadline for paying payments/corrections.Other payment deadlines such as pension payments, health or social security payments.All of the tax deadlines can be found on your tax jurisdiction’s website. Many countries’ tax authorities also produce a handy calendar with the key deadlines. This can be a great basis for your income tax plan.Once you are aware of the dates, you need to set yourself notifications to ensure you file your taxes on time. Set up an alarm for six months before a deadline, three months before the deadline, two and one month before the deadline and then one a week before to ensure you don’t miss the date.Start filing income tax related items and stay organizedYou also want to dedicate a folder or a drawer to income tax related paperwork. This ensures you don’t need to spend the final week looking after your statements. The mo re organized you are in storing your files, the less pain you’ll have during the filing process.Print out a copy of your income tax files, even if you file them online, and the files for tax deductions. Check what sort of information is needed and make sure you gather all of these papers into your special tax folders.Every time you receive a receipt or a statement that can be useful for your income tax filing, add it to your folder. This way, you don’t need to run around the house during the tax process.Understand what you need to payYou’ll also need to educate yourself in regards of income tax, albeit it being quite a boring subject. The more you know about the income tax, the more straightforward and easy the process will be.It is a good idea to get a copy of the jurisdiction’s income tax rules and check what sort of tax you are supposed to pay. If you find it hard to read the text and to make any sense of it, you might want to consider attending an income tax workshop.If you are a small business owner, your local small business group might run free workshops in regards of income tax. Sometimes these might even be available for individuals. Furthermore, it is often worth the money to consider visiting an accountant for advice at least once to ensure you have a good grasp of the system.Understand the deductions availableThere are plenty of tax deductions available for individuals and corporations when it comes to income tax. Unfortunately, many entities don’t take full advantage of these legal tax deductions.As well as understanding all the things you are required to pay under the income tax, you’ll also want to stay on top of the tax deductions. These can cut down your income tax bill by quite a bit.Most people know tax deductions are available for things such as business use of a car, purchases that directly affect your ability to do business and so on. But you can often deduct taxes on things such as hobbies, house cleaning and even home renova tions. Make sure you check your income tax rules carefully.Available tax deductions can also be found on the jurisdiction’s website. Furthermore, just as above, you might want to consider checking your individual tax situation with a professional accountant or tax advisor.Check for tips on how to cut your tax billAs well as using a tax advisor, the Internet is a great place to find out more tips. You can find great tips for cutting your tax bill and ensuring you don’t pay too much nor too little.CONSIDER USING INCOME TAX MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FOR HELPAs well as talking with an income tax advisor, the Internet also offers great software options for filing taxes. There are different programs to make the process easier and software that can count your final tax for you based on the figures you provide!There are both paid and free software available. If you are considering paying for software, it is a good idea to check around and ask comments from other users to find the right produc t for you. Certain software might not have availability for different tax jurisdictions, so make sure you check the compatibility with your country before spending any money.The below are some of the recommended tax management software available:TaxACT DeluxeHR Block DeluxeIntuit TurboTax DeluxeTaxSlayer ClassicMake sure you also check whether the software is legitimate and supported by your tax jurisdictions. You don’t want to rely on software purely, so make sure you always check your income tax manually as well.Don’t panic if bad things happenAre you reading this guide on the final day of your income tax filing? If so, don’t panic. Minor mistakes and late filing don’t need to mean the end of the world.If you find yourself late for filing tax payments, check whether you can still apply for an extension. Furthermore, if you find your tax bill to be too much, you can often apply for an installment agreement, which will allow you to pay your taxes in two or more separate paym ents.The country’s tax authority will have a helpline you can call in case you have questions. Above all, it is always better to contact your tax jurisdiction immediately instead of trying to figure out something yourself.Finally, try to always learn something from your past mistakes. If your tax filing still took a lot of your time last year, think what could help the next year. Could you store your income tax files differently or perhaps it is time to consider professional accounting program or an actual accountant for help?Proper income tax management ensures you pay the right amount â€" not too much but also not too little to get in trouble â€" and it also ensures you with a more peace of mind. When you plan for your taxes well and take advantage of the help around you, income taxes won’t be a thing to be afraid of anymore.

350 Words

Please describe yourself in 350 wordsI hate college essays. In approximately 350 words, I have been asked to explain myself, my likes, my dislikes and my aspirations. In 350 words, I have been asked to show I am better than another applicant. In 350 words, I have been asked to explain the life I have led and the life I hope to lead. With so few words to tell so much, I am faced with a problem: how to use these words wisely.I could try to impress the admissions board with stories of my 13 years in the Girl Scouts. While I learned to be more selfless and enjoyed the community service, there are thousands of other Girl Scouts around the country, and Girl Scouts Guides around the world whose stories would be similar.Would discussing my experience and leadership skills I gained from being part of my high school’s newspaper set me apart? While I discovered how to work as part of a team and got a taste of real-world journalism through job shadowing and interaction with journalists, l ots of high schools have a newspaper with staffs who have similar experiences and so, again, I would not stand out.If I talked about my love for music, and how it has changed the way I view the world, perhaps I could be defined. I could explain my love for my favorite bands and how they have prompted me to think more deeply about my surroundings, and consider things at more than face value. Fortunately for the bands I love, I am not the only fan at their concerts; hundreds of other inspired teens dance to the music with me.On paper, it is almost impossible to tell myself apart from my peers. Although I may appear to be a stereotypical teenager, I have learned enough about myself in my 17 years to know that I am more than 350 words. I am a good friend, a hard worker and a funny person. I’d love to tell you more, but this makes 333.

Impact of Teen Violence Essay - 519 Words

Teen Violence is a big dilemma in today’s society. Violent behaviors usually start from family and peers, as well as teens observing it at there neighborhoods or communities. These behaviors are reinforced by what youth see on television, on the Internet, in video games, movies, music videos, and what they hear in their music. When children are disciplined with severe corporal punishment or verbal abuse, or when they are physically or sexually abused, or when they witness such behavior in their home, it is not surprising that they behave violently toward others. Teen Violence has had such an impact in our youth today that it leads many destructive things and that’s why we have so much violence today. Violence hits hard on teens today†¦show more content†¦Not only does it happen all the time, teen violence also starts at home. Parents and peers play a big influence in the youth of today, If a child is brought up around violence it is most likely that the child will end up turning to violence when they get older. Teens are seeing violence within there parents relationship and then partaking it in there own relationship. They are getting verbally and physically abused by there boyfriend or girlfriend starting as young as thirteen. There is a prevention for teen violence that needs to practiced, if not the youth will grown up to be heartless adults with a tremendous amount of problems in their lives. Parents should not argue in front of their children and show such violence towards each other. It can traumatize them and then they wouldn’t be the same. Communities and neighborhoods play a big part also. In a child is brought up in a low income area, we should let them know that’s there move to life out there. Statistics say that fifty percent of men who abuse there spouse will abuse the child, three million children are at risk to being assaulted by a parent or other child by this year. A teen growing up with there mother being abused will mist likely be a violent teenager and adult. Forty percent of teens have been apart of a violent act and half of a high school had been in a violent relationship. Teen violence had been a big problem and is growing more and more this year. In conclusion, teen violenceShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Media on Teens844 Words   |  3 PagesThe media’s impact has a way of shaping the teenage mind in a ways that are very effective to their behavior. This behavior is not just seen with teens that live in harsh neighborhoods. These behaviors are seem in teens everywhere from every background and culture. Violence in today’s society is looked at as such a normal thing but it really has a huge effect on the violence that teenager encounter as well as a change in their cultural beliefs. Teen culture is changing in big ways as the media continuesRead MoreSex And Violence In The Media Influence Teen Behavior.1405 Words   |  6 PagesSex and Violence in the Media Influence Teen Behavior In the 21st Century Sex and Violence in the media has had a good and bad impact on our society. It is very common around the world that many kids are exposed to violence or some type of sexual activity rather in household or in the media. The media has become a common reason as to why violence occur. Teenagers in the 21st century are exposed to more sexuality and violence than ever. Being exposed to sex and violence has had a bad impact on teensRead MoreVideo Game : Violent Video Games927 Words   |  4 PagesThe video game industry possible causing behavioral problems for people of all ages. Video game violence isn’t breaking news for years people have played games with murder and sexual innuendos. People ask why violent video games are so attractive, maybe it’s a way to escape from real life or even therapeutic. History shows us that human being like violence, in roman time gladiators killed people and animals for sport with huge number of people as an audience. Tod ay the video game industry has foundRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Name: Institution: Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Introduction Youth Crime has increased in New Zealand and although the prosecution has decreased the issue has attracted the attention of the members of the public. According to data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. NonethelessRead MoreThe Effects of the Media on Todays Youth1204 Words   |  5 Pageson society, especially its youth. When it comes to people’s behavior in society, adolescents usually look to the media for guidance. Teens today today are reliant on the media to tell them what is acceptable and what is not. It tells them how to look, how to act, even what to say. Social media definitely has an impact on the daily life of a teen. Most teens have some way to connect with friends using a social networking site. Young adults, much like the citizens of the distopian society inRead MoreViolence And Se x On Television898 Words   |  4 Pages Violence and Sex on Television: Effects on the Younger Audience In today’s society, the media is used greatly for communication, advertisement, information, and for numerous other reasons. The world has evolved by technological advances as well as by the type of content that is put out on the internet, radio, and especially on television. In particular, violence and sex are two of the most controversial content types that have been recently used loosely in the present as compared to theRead MoreHigh School Dating : A Not So Cinderella Story1077 Words   |  5 Pagesreceiving scholarships. Another problem is the emotional impacts of an ugly breakup. Impacts are long lasting at any age, but especially so in high school. This is because students are still developing. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that affected teens have a higher risk for eating disorders, drug usage, and suicide, especially if the relationship was abusive1. There’s also a high risk of an unplanned pregnancy. According to Teen Help, 273,105 babies were born to unmarried girlsRead MoreVideo Games Effect On Today s Adolescents839 Words   |  4 PagesFor most teens, video games can be a fun way to escape reality. How do video games impact us? Are video games having a positive or a negative effect on today’s adolescents? Spending too much time playing video games leads to escalating rates of teen violence, obesity and declining grades. Violence, which also includes bullying, among teens has been on the rise for years, Watch the local evening news and you will most likely hear about a teen shooting or stabbing. Obesity among teens is also risingRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pages One of the big issues that is growing in todays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive ofRead MoreDoes Violent Video Games Cause Violent Behavior?1274 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Violent Video Games Cause Agressive Behavior in Teens? Ryan Bia Arizona State University Abstract Violence is ubiquitous in today’s modern society and we are constantly exposed to it through the media, movies and through video games. It is not uncommon to go visit a home in the United States and find a video game console in the home along with mature video games. Video games started off just as entertainment that had meager violence but as time progressed the graphics have improved and

Characteristics Of Male Female Total P Value - 1591 Words

Results: Table 1: Socio demographic information Characteristics Male Female Total P value n= 46 n= 186 N= 232 Age (Mean  ± SD) 32.04  ± 7.3 31.17  ± 6.9 31.30  ± 7.0 20-24 years 3 (6.5) 21 (11.3) 24 (10.3) .874 25-29 years 18 (39.1) 71 (38.2) 89 (38.4) 30-34 years 10 (21.7) 33 (17.7) 43 (18.5) 35-39 years 8 (17.4) 35 (18.8) 43 (18.5) 40 years and above 7 (15.2) 26 (14.0) 33 (14.2) Religion Islam 42 (91.3) 182 (97.8) 224 (96.6) .029 Hindu 4 (8.7) 4 (2.2) 8 (3.4) Education No formal education 7 (15.2) 60 (32.3) 67 (28.9) .050 Up to primary level (1-5) 21 (45.7) 81 (43.5) 102 (44.0) Up to secondary level (6-10) 18 (39.1) 43 (23.1) 61 (26.3) Above secondary level 0 (0.0) 2 (1.1) 2 (0.9) Marital status†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marital status† associated with DOM2, DOM3 and DOM4. â€Å"Age† was associated with two domains (DOM1 and DOM4) of WHOQOL. â€Å"Total job duration† associated with DOM3. Variables that were considered for regression: Age, Education, Marital status, Total job duration/experience, Total monthly personal income, BMI. Discussion: Most of the respondents (n= 128; 53.9%) rated their overall quality of life as very good and good. 40.1% (n=93) reported ‘Neither poor nor good’ overall HRQOL. Whereas, a small percentage had ‘Poor’ (n=8, 3.4%) and ‘Very poor’ (n=6, 2.6%) HRQOL. Major respondents 75.4% (n=175) were satisfied with their health. This finding is consistentShow MoreRelatedBivariate Application And Interpretation Assignment755 Words   |  4 Pagesthe following questions using your newfound knowledge about applying bivariate statistics and their p values to published results. Make sure you answer all parts of the question to get full credit. Empirical evidence includes descriptive statistics such as a percentages or a mean, or bivariate statistics such as a correlation coefficient. Evidence from the statistical test refers to the p value from any statistical test such as χ2 , t test, etc.). Sometimes the latter is reported in table footnotesRead MoreHow Organizations Are Assessing Gender Equality Within Their Organization Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigate how other healthcare organizations are assessing gender equality within their organization. †¢ Define and categorize female dominated occupations and male dominated occupations. †¢ Identify and compare gender specific wages. †¢ Perform job analyses on occupation groups to identify the knowledge, skills, activities, and specialties required to determine the job categories value to the organization. Research Investigating the competition. While each organization may have some differences in implementingRead MoreAcute Appendicitis Case Study1716 Words   |  7 Pagesincidence of acute appendicitis was found in age group of 21- 40 years [56 patients (56%)], followed by age group of ≠¤20 years [28 patients (28%)] and lastly the age group of 41-60 years [16 patients (16%)]. Regarding to sex, males were more than females [68 males (68%) vs 32 females (32%) with a ratio of 2.13:1 respectively]. Married patients were suffering from acute appendicitis more than single patients (52% vs 48% respectively). Regarding to job, students were the maximum job suffering from acuteRead MoreThe Fleece Characteristics Of Alpacas1626 Words   |  7 Pages 4. RESULTS The fleece characteristics of alpacas are presented in Table 1. Table 1: best estimates for fleece characteristics in alpacasa No. MFD SD CF Mean 105 22.34 4.73 8.27 S. D. - 3.17 1.75 9.67 Sex Female 78 22.70 4.82 9.00 Male 27 21.29 4.47 6.17 Breed Huacaya 73 21.86 4.42 5.92 Suri 32 23.43 5.44 13.64 Colour White 54 22.30 4.51 6.87 Beige 5 21.09 4.16 5.45 Fawn 22 21.85 4.99 7.94 Brown 2 20.23 4.53 4.37 Black 22 23.40 5.15 13.06 Age 1 56b 20.45 4Read MoreThe Effect Of Consumption Of Fruits On The Rate Of Obesity And Overweight987 Words   |  4 PagesThis survey is a combination of physical examination and interview questions. This survey provides data for the US. The variables were categorized by demographics (age, ethnicity and, gender), socioeconomic status, health factors such as diabetes, total cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose and asthma and dietary factors such as fruits, soda intake, and daily exercise. NHANES determines the prevalence of diseases and also risk factors that information helps lead scientists to examine nutritional statusRead MoreThe Social Regulation Policy Of Healthcare Insurance1750 Words   |  7 Pageswould keep them healthy and away from frequent medical visits. A potential alternative for the rise in out-of-pocket expenses is due to many individuals being female. The underlying theory for this rival hypothesis is that women are more likely to experience various medical procedures as routine check-ups throughout their lifetime compared to male counterparts such as for pregnancies or mammograms. This may be true with increasing life spans and with the average woman’s lifespan slightly more than menRead MoreDrosophila Ausomal and Sex-Linked Cross Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pageswas to experiment breeding Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly) to figure out if certain genes of that species were sex linked or not (autosomal). A mono-hybrid cross and di-hybrid cross was performed. For the mono-hybrid cross, white eyed female and red eyed male were placed in one vial for them to reproduce. For the di-hybrid cross, red eyed and normal winged flies and sepia eyed and vestigial winged flies were placed in their vial to reproduce. In the mono-hyb rid cross the results expected wereRead MoreAn Study On Self Reported Recurrent Falls922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe above two questions into: no fall, single fall, and recurrent falls. Independent Variables The following variables based on the literature, were selected for this study: 1. Demographic variables: Age group (65-74; 75-84; 85 and older), Sex (Male; female), BMI classification (Underweight; Normal weight; Overweight/Obese), Marital status (Married/Common law; Widowed; Divorced/Separated; Single), Education (Less than secondary school; Secondary school; Post-secondary). 2. General health functionalRead MoreAnalysis : Chi Square Analysis2594 Words   |  11 PagesUse these to deduce genotypes for all of the parent flies and to calculate expected ratios of offspring. If it is a sex linked trait, you should include the male and female versions of the traits separately (ex. white eye male, white eye female, red eye male, red eye female). If the trait is autosomal, you don’t have to include male and female. This will give you only 2 phenotypes (ex. white eyes or red eyes). Make sure you choose the right option! Then use the Chi-Square test, the descriptionRead MoreGenetic Disorders: Beta Thalassemia1398 Words   |  6 PagesOrofacial characteristics of ÃŽ ² –thalassemia major patients among the UAE population Introduction Beta thalassemia is a genetic disorder in which the gene for the production of beta globin chain is defective. The name thalassemia is derived from a combination of two Greek words: thalassa meaning the sea, i.e. the Mediterranean, and anaemia (â€Å"weak blood†). Therefore it is also known as Mediterranean anemia. Another name for beta-thalassemia is Cooley’s anemia, named after Prof. Thomas Cooley

Other Goat And Ram Gods - 1407 Words

Other Goat/Ram Gods Among the various goat/ram Egyptian gods besides Pan and Amon/Amen, there occurs Khem/Khnum, Banebdjedet, Mendes, Bacchus, Set, Min, Horus, Ra, Osiris, that parallel goat presentations. Predominantly, these particular gods intertwine their relationship together due to their sexual standings. Due to Pan’s sexual perversions, predictably Egypt had claims of different places being â€Å"the only place of goat worship;† nevertheless, there are conspicuously numerous locations. Mendes (Djedet) became one of the main areas; yet, clearly there are numerous others. In the wide development of goat gods, the god Min excels as one of the oldest ever found in Egypt. Min’s powerful dominating presence overtook the land maximizing the worship of sex. Concurrently, in Koptos, there are three gigantic figures of Min broken into various pieces. Min became a god shown all over Egypt sometimes in male human form, and assuredly occurs directly equated with Pan. Indeed, the enigmatic Min persists as being always shown naked within the temples and in the sanctuaries; which typically contained elaborate shires for him. Unequivocally, Victorian Egyptologists took only waist-up photographs of Min due to his protruding penis. The connection with Min and Pan grew to great heights in the capital city of Akhmim. Prevalently, Pan’s authority grew to such influence that they renamed it Panopolis, as the â€Å"City of Pan† where another temple of Pan advanced. Regretfully, theShow MoreRelatedGenesis Chapter 15 : God s Covenant Of A Son And Land918 Words   |  4 Pageshis refusal of his share of the treasures from the King of Sodom. In Genesis 15, God appeared to Abram and told him he would receive a â€Å"great reward† because of his faithfulness and his demonstration that he was a true believer. Abram expressed to God his frustration of not have an heir, other than a servant, to pass his rewards to. Up until this point, Abram had received vague promises of children and land from God, but even after being married to Sarai for several years, they still had no childrenRead MoreThe Origin Of Ancient Mesopotamia760 Words   |  4 Pagescylinder seal of a horned man/beast found in area of ancient Mesopotamia. Goat Creatures in the Middle East In Syria, a province of Mesopotamia, the discovery of a black steatite cylinder seal occurs having solid chiseled markings of a goat, surrounded by stars, a crescent moon, and a sacred tree; appearing as a god-king, dating 1800-1600 B.C. Concurrently this endures among other numerous cylinder seals with goats or horned goatmen cut in ancient stones. In addition, reoccurring again with AssyrianRead MoreThe Sacrificial System in the Hebrew Scriptures Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesthe sinner (the Olah was conducted in the same manner). Based on social standing it would consist of the following: High Priest: A bull without blemish Congregation: A bull without blemish An authority over the people: A male goat without blemish Individual: Female goat or lamb without blemish In cases of dire poverty, fine flour could be offered in the place of the above. The purpose behind this offering was to atone for sins committed unwillingly where retribution was impossible. The Portions: Read MoreGrendels Astrology1447 Words   |  6 Pageschapter focuses on the cyclical nature of astrology. According to Grendel, this is the twelfth year of his â€Å"idiotic war† (Gardner 5). He notes that this year will, more than likely, be just like all those before it and also says the same of the ram. The ram is the symbol of Aries (Levine). To emphasize the cycle of his life, Grendel says â€Å"So it goes with me day by day and age by age†¦ Locked in the deadly progression of moon and stars† (Gardner 8). This quotation also includes the subtle nod to astrologyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Narrator Hunting, And The Narrative Of Daphnis And Chloe1516 Words   |  7 PagesChloe are the only characters which do not do bad things because they were suckled by and respect animals. They are â€Å"fonder of the goats and the sheep than herdsman usually are, since Chloe was aware she owed her life to a sheep, and Daphnis remembered that when he was exposed a goat had suckled him† (p.23). Chloe does not do anything morally unsound, unlike the other women in Daphnis and Chloe, because of her history with animals. Lycaenion uses Daphnis for her own sexual gratification, yet thisRead MoreGrendel Critical Reading Analysis1144 Words   |  5 Pages Grendel Critical Analysis QuestionsAnswer on your own paper in complete sentences. Chapter 1: Aries, the Ram.1. What does Grendels relationship with nature -- the ram, the sky, grass, the doe, the baby bird, owls, and wolves -- reveal about his own personality?2. Quote the various phrases Grendel uses to describe himself. What do they reveal about his self-image and how it was developed?3. What is the significance of the scene wherein Grendel challenges the dark chasms?4. What does GrendelRead MoreMonsters of Greco-Roman Myth Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesMythological monsters are a way for man to explain what he doesn’t understand. They are an attempt to explain ‘why’ to things such as: storms, droughts and other unseasonable weather, unexplained deaths, birth defects, disease, and mental illness. Generally those are associated with fear, and nothing is more fearsome than a monster. Yet, on the other hand, is hope. Man’s need to remain hopeful gives cause to the creation of heroes. Monsters are essential to the existence of heroes . â€Å"[†¦] the mythicalRead MoreEssay The History of Gambling in Ancient Civilizations3908 Words   |  16 PagesEgyptian civilization for as long as Egyptians have been a civilization. Gambling originated in Egypt as divination too, and the stakes eventually became money (Schwartz, 10). The Egyptians credit the invention of gambling to Thoth and Ma’at, the gods of divine justice (Schwartz, 10). Unlike Mesopotamian literature, Egyptian texts mentioned gambling. The Egyptian myth of the advancement from the solar to lunar calendar centers around gambling (Schwartz, 11). Also, â€Å"The pictographs that adornRead MoreThe Primary Message Of The Bible1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe primary message of the Bible is God’s plan of redemption plan for man but the Scripture also contains hundreds of references to angels, the supernatural beings God created to serve Him. They interact with God and man throughout the Bible. They are seen praising God and serving the saints. It is important not to neglect the subject of angels in studying the Bible. Christian theology includes three branches, which deal with different categories of angels: Angelology, Satanology and DemonologyRead MoreGreek Gods And Goddesses Of The Odyssey998 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Gods and Goddesses of The Odyssey Everyone all over the world loves to study Greek mythology because it is going to be in their everyday life ; they ´re going to like the history, monsters, and the magic. For many generations, people have been way more excited by the research and the history of the goddesses and gods like Poseidon, Polyphemus, and Tiresias. Poseidon, Tiresias and Polyphemus are all important aspects of Greek mythology because they have endured stories for thousands of years

The Apartheid Of Nelson Mandela And Many Others - 1566 Words

As a result of the work of Nelson Mandela and many others, apartheid, an oppressive form of government that promoted systematic segregation and institutionalized racism in South Africa, was ended in 1994. The Afrikaans word apartheid means separateness, and during the period of the apartheid, people were classified and separated into different racial groups where the civil and human rights of non-whites were curtailed. Although apartheid started in 1948, the roots of inequality were presented years before as a result of Dutch and British control. Both countries colonized South Africa in order to control South Africa’s lucrative and generally untapped mining industry. South African workers, including the skilled and unskilled, were forsaken to work menial jobs and receive low wages. The establishment of many unfair laws allowed for the takeover to occur; they mark the beginning of apartheid and many more discriminatory regulations that were to come which include, but are not limited to pass laws, laws that required non-whites to have identification that showed their right to be in certain areas, and the exclusion of the non-white right to vote. The daily lives of all South Africans were severely altered with the initiation and administration of apartheid. Even the simple things like where a person could live, type of work, or places a person could travel were limited for non-whites. And although the white population was a minority in South Africa they were the ones who heldShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela1350 Words   |  6 Pagesway that respects and enhances the freedom of others† (Nelson Mandela. History). Nelson Mandela, a anti-apartheid activist, became one of the world’s most significant freedom fighter. His numerous acts and protests flooded South Africa with immense pride and peace and therefore grew South Africa into a thriving, substantial economy with minimal racial boundaries. Nelson Mandela was a prominent political leader who brought a dynamic end to the apartheid struggle, fought for equal rights of all individualsRead MoreNelson Mandela and Apartheid Essay1107 Words   |  5 Page sApartheid, the strict division between white and colored people, for South Africans has always been a big issue. The man who stopped difficult ways of life for people and communities in South Africa was also their president, Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela was a man who put his life on the line to bring people together. He was involved with organizations that would eventually help to end apartheid throughout his life and lead countless amounts of peaceful acts that put an end to this divide. MandelaRead MoreNelson Mandelas Fight for Freedom1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of the pigment in your skin. For Nelson Mandela, this situation was a reality. This style of living began in 1948 and, thanks to Mandela, ended in 1994. Problems began when the National Party---dominated by Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch settlers—came to power in South Africa. Segregation and mistreatment of the less superior—non-whites--became a government policy called â€Å"apar theid,† which means â€Å"apartness† in the Afrikaans language. Nelson Mandela refused to bow down to the unjustRead MoreNelson Mandela s Influence On Human Rights945 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela is a world renowned activist that was imprisoned for twenty seven years in a South African prison, because of a system of racism known as â€Å"apartheid† which discriminated against blacks living in South Africa at the time. Since his release from prison, apartheid has since been abolished in South Africa and he was elected President of that country. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact on human rights by standing up against racism in his country as well as many others around the worldRead MoreNelson Mandela1187 Words   |  5 Pagessymbol, logo, picture, name, face, person, building or other image that is readily recognized and generally represents an object or concept with great cultural significance to a wide cultural group (Wikipedia). Abraham Lincoln and George Washington are examples of individuals who are important cultural icons to many Americans. Another person who is considered a cultural icon is Nelson Mandela; an individual who took a stand against apartheid in South Africa and established great strides toward racialRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1750 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mandela did not merely oppose white domination; he opposed domination by any racial group, including Africans. By standing firm in his principles and enduring extraordinary sacrifices that robbed him of most of his adult life, he helped force change, while proving beyond any doubt that he was a leader who could be trusted to keep his word† (Kent). Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) was a human rights activist as well as the first black President of South Africa. Referred to as the living embodiment ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem F.w De Klerk Fixing A Broken Land1420 Words   |  6 Pagesunique and beautiful land had to go through during th e times of Apartheid. During these tragic times of separation people of South Africa, that were against this racial segregation, stood up for their rights through many ways such as poetry and petition. Others, such as F.W de Klerk expressed his dislike for this cruel act of disconnection through politics and made it his goal to make South Africa racially equal and whole. During apartheid in South Africa F.W de Klerk took a stand to fight for humanRead MoreThe Role of Nelson Mandela in Ending Apartheid in South Africa783 Words   |  4 Pages Nelson Mandela’s role in bringing Apartheid to an end was very important, however, there were many other factors that contributed to the ending of Apartheid. The African National Congress, also known as the ANC, was a major factor in ending Apartheid. Even when the ANC became illegal in South Africa it moved to continue its work against Apartheid. In 1940 Dr. A. B. Xuma became president of the ANC; he rescued a struggling organisation. In 1944 he reorganisedRead MoreApartheid in South Africa1154 Words   |  5 PagesNelson Mandela helped bring an end to Apartheid in South Africa because he was a believer in basic human rights, leading both peaceful and violent protests against the white South African Government. His beliefs landed him in prison for twenty-seven years, almost three decades. In doing so, he became the face of the apartheid movement both in his country and around the world. When released from prison in 1990, he continued to honor his commitment to fight for justice and equality for all peopleRead MoreNelson Mandela s President Of South Africa1309 Words   |  6 PagesThere isn’t much that can be said about nelson Mandela that everybody in the world doesn’t know already. For most of his life He has worked tirelessly to ensure freedom for not just black majority in south africa, but for all races. He has endured many things in his quest for peace, including being put o n trial and going to jail multiple times. He is well known in his country as a hero who strived for peace. His fight eventually led him to becoming the first democratically elected president of South

Apush Brinkley Chapter 12 Terms Free Essays

APUSH Chapter 12 Antebellum Culture and Reform Hudson River School – The first great school of American painters, based in New York. The painters portrayed that America’s â€Å"wild nature† made them superior to Europe. Cooper and the American Wilderness – James Fenimore Cooper was the first great American novelist (The Last of the Mohicans, The Deerslayer) His novels â€Å"The Leatherstocking Tales† were a celebration of the American spirit and landscape Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry D. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Brinkley Chapter 12 Terms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thoreau – rejected societal norms as a whole and supported individual independence. Controversial, though they gained many followers. Brook Farm – established by George Ripley as an experimental community in West Roxbury, MA. Individuals would gather to create a new form of social organization, permitting everyone to self-realization. Brook Farm failed but inspired many similar communities. The Oneida Community – one of the most enduring utopian communities. It was declared that all residents were married to all other residents. Women were protected against unwanted childbearing and children were raised communally. Shakerism – commitment to complete celibacy, openly endorsed the idea of sexual equality. Reform Movements – worked on behalf of temperance, education, poor, handicapped, etc Charles Finney – similar to Thoreau/Emerson, said that everyone could find salvation through individual effort. Gained support from women and eventually became very popular and gained a following. Temperance Crusade – against alcohol! Women were in favor. Access to alcohol was growing and with it was abuse. States started passing restriction laws. Phrenology – argued that the shape of a person’s skull determined their character and intelligence. Reforming Education – Horace Mann said that education was the only way to protect democracy. He lengthened the academic year, doubled teachers salaries, and his examples lead to similar institutions in other states. Rehabilitation Reforms – the creation of â€Å"asylums: for criminals and mentally ill. Prisons were also reformed, with tighter restrictions meant to reform the criminals. Many such institutions soon fell victim to over-crowding. American Colonization Society/Failure of Colonization – proposed a gradual manumission of slaves with compensation to their owners. Met resistance from slaved themselves – the antislavery movement was rapidly losing strength. Chapter 13 The Impending Crisis Racial Justification – manifest destiny cited the superiority of â€Å"the American Race† Opposition to Expansion – Henry clay and others feared that territorial expansion would reopen controversy over slavery and threaten the stability of the union Stephen Austin Texas – A young immigrant from Missouri established the first legal American settlement in Texas in 1822. Mexicans in the region attempted to refute further American immigration but it was too late – by 1835 already 30,000 Americans were established there. San Jacinto – Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army and took Santa Anna prisoner, Mexican government eventually gave up on Texas Opposition to Annexation – Sam Houston offered to join Texas with the rest of the union, northerners opposed acquiring a large new slave territory and increasing the southern votes Oregon – Both Britain and the US claimed the territory but soon significant numbers of white Americans began emigrating to Oregon, outnumbering the British settlers. They killed much of the Indian population in part due to the measles epidemic. Oregon Trail – 2,000 miles from the Great Plains and through the Rocky mountains. Difficult journey – thousands of people died on the trail though Indians were often helpful. Families worked together, most people walked for most of the time. James K. Polk – expressed â€Å"that the re-occupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of Texas at the earliest practicable period are great American measures. † Argued that if Britain did not cede all of Oregon to the US, war would be held, and neither party really wanted that, and so Oregon came to be. Slidell Mission – Mexicans in Texas rejected Slidell’s offer, war was declared after American troops were attacked. California Gold Rush – started around 1848 and increased the population from 14,000 to 220,000 in four years. Created serious labor shortage in CA and Indians were forced into work Kansas-Nebraska Act – divided one territory into two to keep the slave balance equal; it immediately destroyed the Whig party, divided the democrats, and parties who opposed the bill came to form the Republican Party Election of 1856 – Fremont v. Buchanan who was nominated at 65 Dred Scott vs. Sanford – Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, owned by an army surgeon who had taken Scott into Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery was forbidden. Now, the surgeon’s brother was claiming ownership of Scott. The court was extremely divided but eventually declared that Scott didn’t have a case because he wasn’t a legal citizen. Lincoln – nominated in the election of 1860. Believed that slavery was morally wrong, but he was not an abolitionist – he could not envision an easy alternative to slavery in the areas where it already existed. He wanted to â€Å"arrest the further spread† of slavery How to cite Apush Brinkley Chapter 12 Terms, Essay examples

Bio-Signal Acquisition and Processing Using Labview Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction: The increased public presentation of personal computing machines and their reduced cost has made it possible for development of Personal computer based signal processing systems. Hospitals need several measurement systems that can mensurate physiological parametric quantities of the patients. Although diagnostic medical instruments have been widely used. uniting practical instrument engineering to accomplish the intent of physiological measuring has several benefits. These systems are efficient and cost-efficient for geting and analysing biomedical signals. Using practical instrumentality to accomplish physiological measuring will mostly diminish the cost and increase the flexibleness of the instruments. This workaims at planing a practical instrument for geting and processing of Electrooculogram signal. Electrooculography ( EOG ) is a technique for mensurating the resting potency of the retina. Keywords: Data acquisition. signal processing. LabVIEW. Virtual Instrument. EOGmeasurement I. INTRODUCTION Hospitals need several measurement systems that can mensurate physiological parametric quantities of the patient. Measurement systems should be able to mensurate accurately the vital organs of patient like bosom conditions. organic structure temperature. electrical activity of the bosom. electrical activity of the encephalon etc. This information should be readily available to the physicians for diagnosing and proper intervention. PCbased signal acquisition. and analysis is an efficient and cost effectual method forbiomedical signal acquisition and monitoring. Isolation of the topic from the electronic circuitry is really of import. Besides. since the bio signal degree is really low. elaboration of signals is of import. Hence. a Personal computer based system consists of extra circuits for isolation and elaboration of the signals. Uniting practical instrumentality engineering for physiological measurings is an approaching engineering that is presently lifting up at a faster rate. The cost can be drastically brought down and the flexibleness can be increased by usage of practical instrumentality. National Instrument’s LabVIEWis a platform and development environment for a ocular scheduling. The intent of such scheduling is automatizing the use of processing and mensurating equipment in any laboratory apparatus. Controls and indexs on the front panel allow an operator to input informations into or pull out informations from a running practical instrument. A cardinal benefit of LabVIEW over other development environments is the extended support for accessing instrumentality hardware. The paper is organized as follows: Section I. gives debut to practical instrumentality and demand of the current work. Section II. explains the bio signal inside informations. Section III discusses the challenges in the design. Section IV explains the public presentation and consequences. and the last Section V concludes the paper followed by mentions used. II. BIOELECTRIC SIGNAL- . ELECTOOCULOGRAM Electric potencies are generated as a consequence of motion of the orbs within the conductive environmentof the skull. Electrodes placed on either sideof the eyes or above and below them pick up th e potencies generated by the gesture of the orb. This possible varies about in proportion to the motion of the orbs. This signal is little individually. This requires five electrodes which are placedabove and below the oculus for perpendicular motions. and on the sides of the oculus ( canthi ) for horizontal motions. A mention electrode is placed on the brow of the topic. Sing the cost and dependability makes Silver ( Ag ) -Silver Chloride ( AgCl ) electrodes ideal for EOG. An electrolytic gel based on Na chloride is applied to the tegument since the upper beds of the tegument are hapless music directors of electricity. Several methods have been proposed in literature that use Electrooculograms ( EOGs ) happening as a consequence of oculus motions [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . An electric wheelchair controlled by oculus motions utilizing EOG has been developed as a motion support device. An EOG based infirmary dismay system has been successfully tested. An oculus gazing system for observing any point where the oculus gazes on the screen has been developed for communicating aid intents [ 4 ] . [ 5 ] . III. CONSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES The chief aim of the current work carried on is to develop a practical instrument which can get the EOG signal. execute noise riddance and elaboration. Geting the signal utilizing NI DAQ. planing the suited low cost amplifier for elaboration and designing of low base on balls and high base on balls filters was done. The acquired signal was displayed utilizing LabVIEW front panel. The front panel and block diagram have been designed. The basic block diagram is shown is fig 1. Noise DecreaseEOG signals have a scope of 0. 5Hz to 30Hz. Therefore. a low base on balls filter with 30Hz cutoff could take most of the high frequence noises. And a high base on balls filter of 0. 5 Hz is required. which together form a set base on balls of 50 Hz. Other noise artefacts are largely transients caused. for illustration. by the turning of an electrical switch on/off in the locality of the electrodes. contraction of the facial or neck musculuss. slippage of Fig. 1 System Organization filter of bandwidth 0. 5Hz to 30 Hz. Power line frequence can be easy removed. utilizing a notch filter the electrode due to sudate and oculus eye blink. However. the signals produced by oculus water chickweeds are. in fact. rather regular. They appear as sudden spikes with separating amplitudes. Hence it is possible to easy acknowledge. changedwhen the oculus is moved and the motion of theeye is translated into electrical alteration ofpotential. This possible can be noninvasively recorded by utilizing surface electrodes. provides anoninvasive method for entering full scope ofeye motions. The resting potency is A brace of electrodes is required for measuringthe resting potency of the retina. It Hz ) . Electrooculography is a technique for ( 10 to 100microV ) and has low frequences ( District of Columbia to 30 ? Fig. 1. Block diagram of EOG Amplifier electrooculography under certain conditions do non damage it. Preamplifier: The input preamplifier phase carries out the initial elaboration of the EOG. This phase should hold really high input electric resistance and a high common-mode-rej ection ratio ( CMRR ) . Isolation circuit: The circuitry of this block contains a barrier to the transition of current from the power line ( 50 Hz ) . This barrier would forestall unsafe currents from fluxing from the patient through the amplifier to the land of the recording equipment or personal computer. Driver amplifier: Circuitry in this block amplifies the EOG to a degree at which it can suitably enter the signal on the recording equipment. This phase besides carries out the bandpass filtering of the electrocardiograph to give the frequence features of the signal. Case construction: Merely one subdiagram is seeable at a clip. and the construction executes merely one instance at a clip. An input value determines which subdiagram executes. Time hold: The Wait ( MS ) map delaies until the msec counter counts to an sum equal to the input you specify. This map guarantees that the loop executing rate is at least the sum of the input you specify. Filter: The Filter Express VI processes a signal through filters and Windowss. Filters used include the undermentioned: Highpass. Lowpass. Bandpass. Bandstop. and Smoothing. Windows used include Butterworth. Chebyshev. Inverse Chebyshev. Elliptical. and Bessel. Waveform graph: The wave form graph displays one or more secret plans of equally sampled measurings. Amplitude and degree measurings: he Amplitude and Level Measurements Express VI performs electromotive force measurings on a signal. These include DC. rms. maximal extremum. minimal extremum. extremum to top out. rhythm norm. and rhythm rms measurings. Tone measurings: The Tone Measurements Express VI hunts for a individual tone with the highest frequence or highest amplitude. It besides finds the frequence and amplitude of a individual tone. Write to measurement file: The Write to Measurement File Express VI writes a file in LVM or TDM file format. Build tabular array: Converts a signal or signals into a tabular array of informations that lists the amplitude of each signal and the clip informations for each point in the signal. Result tabular array: Use the tabular array control to make a tabular array on the front panel. Each cell in a tabular array is a twine. and each cell resides in a column and a row. Therefore. a tabular array is a show for a 2D array of strings. A. Signal Acquisition and treating Data acquisition cards for multiple channels for parallel input and end products are available. Using the libraries. plans for the informations acquisition are rapidly and easy made. Extra noise is filtered utilizing the pick of filters like Butterworth. Bessel. Chebyshev I. and Chebyshev II provided in the LabVIEWsoftware. The installing of the DAQ card includes: 1. Installation of the application package 2. Installation of the DAQ card driver foremost. before piecing DAQ card into the desktopcomputer. This procedure can guarantee WINDOWS to observe the DAQ card. 3. Installing the necessary devices. accoutrements and overseas telegrams. 4. Power on the computing machine. 5. Confirm that the device is recognized. 6. Run the trial Panel. In the current work. M Series USB-6221 is used as informations acquisition interface. 5. String: A twine is a sequence of displayable or non-displayable ASCII characters. String sections provide a platformindependent format for information and information. into its frequence constituents. One of the most common manner to make this is with an FFT. In order to ease this type of analysis. LabVIEW comes with built in FFTs that make the procedure of constituent separation quick and easy. Digital filters are provided with the pick of Butterworth. Bessel. Chebyshev and digital filters. With a few accommodations these filters can be configured for about any design that is needed. While cringle: Repeats the sub-diagram inside it until the conditional terminus. an input terminus. receives a peculiar Boolean value. Merge signal: Merges two or more signals into a individual end product. Resize the map to add inputs. This map appears on the block diagram automatically when you wire a signal end product to the wire subdivision of another signal. Simulate signal: The Simulate Signal Express VI generates simulated informations such as a sine moving ridge. Numeric control A ; index: The numeral informations type can stand for Numberss of assorted types. such as whole number or existent. The two common numeral objects are the numeral control and the numeral index. ( courtesy: National Instruments. LabVIEW ) The Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) and the power spectrum are powerful tools for analysing and mensurating signals from plug-in informations acquisition ( DAQ ) devices. We can efficaciously get time-domain signals. step the frequence content. and change over the consequences to real-world units and shows as shown on traditional bench top spectrum and web analysers. Since the signal of involvement is continuously changing non stationary signal. Wavelet transform block has been included. The ripple transform is a mathematical tool that decomposes a signal into a representation that shows signal inside informations and tendencies as a map of clip. The chief advantages of ripple methods over traditional Fourier methods are the usage of localised footing maps and the faster calculation velocity. A. Design Considerations The work undertaken involves 4 phases which are discussed as below. The first phase is choice of the electrodes. The electrodes were chosen with the concern of protecting the eyes from risky elements. IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The biomedical signals acquired from the human organic structure are often really little. frequently in the millivolt/microvolt scope. and each has its ain processing demands. Electrooculography signals are in the microvolt scope and have many frequence constituents. These biomedical signals require treating before they can be analyzed. LabVIEW contains the tools. from fast Fourier transforms to digital filters to recognize complex analysis. In order to make frequence analysis. a complex signal must foremost be broken down Fig. 3 Design of the block diagram B. Design Considerations The work undertaken involves 4 phases which are discussed as below. The first phase is choice of the electrodes. The electrodes were chosen with the concern of protecting the eyes from risky elements. Silver/Silver-Chloride electrodes were chosen because the half-cell potency was the closest to zero. Electrodes with the smallest sum of halfcell potency are desirable because they cause the Stages 2 and 3 encompass the sensing of horizontal and perpendicular motions of the oculus. severally. The 2nd phase ( for horizontal favoritism ) detects sidelong motions at the fringe of each oculus. The hardware in this phase consists of the EOG biopotential amplifier. Similarly. the 3rd phase ( for perpendicular favoritism ) consists of another EOG biopotential amplifier. Location of the electrodes is shown in figure 3. When the eyes look consecutive in front. a steady dipole is created between the two electrodes. When the regard is shifted to the left. the positive cornea becomes closer to the left electrode. which becomes more positive. The undermentioned public presentation least sum of beginning. By definition. the H electrode has a zero half-cell potency. but due to the gaseous nature. they can non be practicably used. Although lead electrodes have a lower half-cell potency than the Ag/Ag-Cl electrodes. lead is risky to the wellness and therefore is avoided. Thus my pick of electrodes takes into history an optimum degree of safety ordinances and preciseness ( least offset ) . LabVIEW is necessary to change over the signal obtained by the EOG into explainable informations for directional favoritism. Furthermore. a graphical show will be implemented in LabVIEW to imitate the motion of an icon on the computing machine screen. Figures 5 shows the water chickweeds. figures 6 and 7 shows the perpendicular motions and figure 8 displays the horizontal motion of the eyes captured by the designed informations acquisition system and displayed by the front panel. The figure4 shows the hardware apparatus. Therefore by puting electrodes to the left and right and above and below the oculus. horizontal and perpendicular motions can be obtained. The end product of the 2nd and 3rd phase is inputted into the concluding phase. the LabVIEW informations acquisition package tool and the personal computing machine. The choice of LabVIEW over diminishing. This has facilitated the development Personal computer based signal acquisition and analysis systems. These systems can replace dearly-won stand-alone systems that are presently in usage. Thecomponents necessary for a LabVIEW based acquisition and analysis system areinexpensive. and readily available. Here. the initial demands of a Personal computer based biosignal acquisition and treating systems have been studied and reviewed. Developing Personal computer based systems utilizing LabVIEW is an efficient option to stand entirely systems. EOG amplifier was designed. The information acquired was amplified. filtered and observed on the front panel. Both the horizontal and perpendicular motion of the eyes and oculus water chickweeds were visualized. The writers wish to reason that the system developed has certain restrictions in footings of truth and characteristics. There is batch of range for future betterment of the developed system. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writers wish to thank the section caput. laboratory staff. Institutional LabVIEW Academy. at college Innovation Centre for allowing to carry on the experiment and besides thankful to all the topics who have cooperated in the experiment. Mentions [ 1 ] . Parten. M. ( 2003 ) . Using practical instruments in ameasurements research lab. Proceedings of the 2003 AmericanSociety for Engineering Education Annual Conference A ; Exposition. June 22-26. 2003. [ 2 ] . MrinalTrikhal. Tapan Gandhi. AyushBhandari. and Vijay Kharel. ‘Multiple Channel Electrooculogram Classification utilizing Automata’ . International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications. – 2007. [ 3 ] R. Barea. L. Bosquete. M. Mazo. and E. Lopez. â€Å"System for aided mobility utilizing oculus movementsbased on electrooculography. † IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. . vol. 10. no. 4. pp. 209-217. 2002. [ 4 ] J. Gips and P. Olivieri. â€Å"Eagle Eyess: An oculus control system for individuals with disablements. † 11th Int. Conf. Tech. Persons Disabilities. Mar. 1996. [ 5 ] Y. Kuno. T. Yagi. I. Fujii. K. Koga. and Y. Uchikawa. â€Å"Development of eye-gaze input interface usingEOG. † Trans. Inf. Processing Soc. Jap. . vol. 39. no. 5. pp. 1455-1462. May 1998. [ 6 ] T. Gandhi. M. Trikha. J. Santosh and S. Anand. â€Å"VHDL Based Electro-Oculogram Signal Classification† . 15th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications 2007. IEEE computing machine Society. [ 7 ] AysegulGuven. Sadik Kara. â€Å"Classification of electrooculogram signals utilizing unreal nervous network† . Adept systems with Applications. 31 ( 2006 ) 199-205. Elsevier. . [ 8 ] B. Grinstead. M. E. Parten ; Biomedical signal acquisition utilizing â€Å"Labview† . Computer-Based Medical Systems. 1998. Proceedings. 11th IEEE Symposium on ; pp: 157 – 161 ; ISSN: 1063-7125. [ 9 ] Geddes. L. A. . ‘Principles of applied biomedical instrumentation’ . Wiley. New York. 1989. [ 10 ] . J. G. Webster. ‘Medical Instrumentality: Application and Design’ . 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. . 1998. Biography Patterson is a pupil of Masterss in control systems under the section of Instrumentation and Control Engineering. His major involvements are in the field of practical instrumentality and control Engineering. Sandra D’Souza. is a module of the section of instrumentality and control Engineeringand a research bookman in the country of biomedical signal processing. Her major involvements are in the field of digital signal processing and bio signal processing.

The Concepts of Purpose and Vision free essay sample

The Concepts of Purpose and Vision Purpose Why does the company exist? Who should benefit most from all the effort that is put into the company? Why should a manager or an employee do more than the minimum required? Who owns the company? These questions are deeply philosophical and spiritual, sometimes evoking long and acrimonious debate. The debate appears to resolve itself into three broad categories that vary from the materialistic and selfish at one end of the spectrum to the more altruistic at the other. Firstly, there are those who claim that the company exists for the benefit of the owner or shareholders. Maximisation of shareholders value is a phrase often quoted by managers and academics that hold this viewpoint. (See Rappaport, 1986 ) Most managers and academics, however, have rejected this single minded approach. They do not believe that the companys only purpose is to create wealth for the owners or shareholders. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concepts of Purpose and Vision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They acknowledge the claims of other stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers and the community. The second view of the companys purpose, therefore, is that it exists to satisfy in more than a material sense all its stakeholders. (Stakeholder theory: Pearce and Robinson, 1991) The third viewpoint aims at identifying a purpose that is greater than the combined needs of the stakeholders, and something to which all the stakeholders can feel proud to contribute. They aim towards a higher ideal. At The Body Shop, a retailer of cosmetics, the managers promote products that do not hurt the environment. Matsushita maintain they only manufacture products that will enhance the quality of life of the Japanese people. It is clear that, in these companies, each stakeholder can feel that the company supports some goal at a level higher than the monetary, a goal which reaches out to a wider audience, and even to society as a whole. Vision Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, authors of Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge, identify Vision as a concept central to their theory of leadership. To choose a direction, a leader must first develop a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organisation. This image, which we call vision, may be as vague as a dream or as precise as a goal statement. The critical point is that Vision articulates a credible, realistic attractive future for the organisation. (Own emphasis) Robert H. Miles, in an article entitled Corporate Transformation, states that all successful transformations are Vision led. He defines Vision in the following way: It requires projection into a dimly outlined future. It requires the creation of goals that stretch the organisation beyond its current comprehension and capabilities. (Own emphasis) Stephen R. Covey stresses the symbiotic relationship between Vision and Values in an article called Ethical Vertigo published in Executive Excellence, 1997. The Book of Proverbs warns us: Where there is no Vision, people will perish, while Martin Luther King demonstrated the power of Vision when he immortalised his Vision with the words, I have a dream, and unleashed forces that changed a nation. Quigley (1994) defines corporate values as the rules or guidelines by which a corporation exhorts its members to behaviour consistent with its order, security, and growth Values and beliefs are the most fundamental of the three elements of Vision. (Own emphasis) It is true to say that most Vision statements express an element of ambition. Whether it is to be bigger than, to go from number two to number one, or even to be the best, an element of achievement is always present. Komatsu set out to encircle Caterpillar (David vs Goliath): Canon sought to Beat Xerox: Panasonic has the quest for zero defect, while Cray Computers manufactures the best computers in the world. It is obvious from the discussion so far that a Vision is more than unfettered ambition or being future oriented. It incorporates cultures, beliefs, value systems and a myriad of force fields. To better clarify our thoughts on this, we must digress temporarily into the field of neuroscience. The following is a direct quote from Zohar (1997) Today neuroscience teaches that from the moment of conception we are born with sufficient neural connections to regulate our breathing, our body temperature and the beating of our heart, but nearly everything else is pure potentiality. What diet we will be fed, what climactic conditions and germs we will encounter, what language we will be exposed to all these and much more are uncertain at the moment of birth. So, the infant brain is genetically hard wired and activated. The interaction between the infant and the environment {stimuli} enables the brain to adapt to whatever physical and cultural conditions it finds. It allows the brain to wire itself, as it evolves, in accordance with its experience. In effect, the human operating system is operational, but no application programmes have been installed yet. Experiments on the language learning abilities of human infants, based on the recorded sounds that infants make in the first months after birth, reveal that every human infant, regardless of where on this planet it is born, utters the approximately eight hundred sound patterns found in the totality of all human languages. The infants brain has the capacity to range freely across the spectrum of all the possible linguistic sounds. Yet, within the first year of its life, the infant singles out those sound patterns relevant to the language of its own culture. It lays down neural pathways for the recognition and use of those sounds it wires its brain according to its environment and loses the ability to recognise and use those sounds not used by the surrounding culture. The infant constructs its world at a wonderfully rapid rate. The infant must grow new neural connections in its brain if it is to have a world. In Western cultures, most young people of 16 or 18 years, or, in their early twenties if they continued with higher education, have grown enough neural connections to coast for the rest of their lives. In short, they have wired in their basic lifes paradigm. Zohar (1997). If we hypothesise that the new born organisation can be equated with an infant (the analogy between biological systems, quantum physics and business systems have received increasing attention in recent years for example, in Leadership and the New Science by Margaret Wheatly, in Rewiring the Corporate Brain by Danah Zohar and in The Quark and the Jaguar by Murray Gell Mann), then it is reasonable to apply the conclusions drawn above with regard to the hard and soft wiring of the infant brain, to a business organisation. It is probable that the new born organisation similarly constructs its world at a very rapid rate in terms of the environment in which it is enmeshed. However, the institutionalisation of the paradigm must, of necessity, go through the same growth cycle, i. e. , infancy, childhood, puberty, adolescence, and maturity. The organisational life cycle can, of course, be equated with this. We postulate, from this, that the paradigm of the organisation will be embedded by the end of the embryonic or early growth phase of the organisation. In practical terms, this means that the newly formed business will rapidly create and construct a language, a culture, and a belief and value system that are a derivative of the environment. as defined by the leader or founder, the social and ethical values of the society (the business environment) and any other force fields that interface or interact with the infant organisation. Paradigm The concept paradigm entered into the previous discussion. It is a fact that although many business people are familiar with the word, few truly understand it. When we speak of our paradigm we use it in the original sense given it by American philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. It means the whole conceptual framework embracing our most deeply held, unconscious assumptions and values. It encompasses the things we take for granted in any situation. It therefore determines our expectations, frames the questions we ask, and structures the way we do things. Thomas Kuhn points out that the paradigm becomes so embedded that new ideas that do not fit the paradigm, are not welcome, and are treated as anomalies. It is only as the anomalies, the things that will not fit the old paradigm, mount up to cause major disruption, that changes can occur and a paradigm shift take place. This is sometimes referred to as the paradigm box. We need our paradigms to make sense of the world: yet, because of these we become trapped or constrained. Kuhn (1970) The next question to ask is: Is there any difference between the concepts of vision and paradigm? The only difference would seem to be a semantic one, as: oth Vision and Paradigm are constraints on the way we do things: both have been installed over the early phases of the organisations life cycle: both are combinations of potentialities and such entities as values, ethics, social norms etc. : both can be, but are not easily, changed, and normally only after major disruption: both are the ultimate function in the measure of acceptable strategies. There are two major conclusions to be drawn from the above. )Paradigm and Vision can be seen as two sides of the same coin and 2)it is obvious, that if there is a dysfunction between the strategy and the vision/paradigm then one or the other , or both, must change. It would be prudent at this stage to refer to the concept Strategic Intent coined by Hamel and Prahalad. On the one hand, strategic intent envisions a desired leadership position and establishes the criteria the organisation will use to chart its progress, however, at the same time, according to these authors, strategic intent is more than unfettered ambition. The concept also encompasses focussing the organisations attention on the essence of winning: motivating people by communicating the value of the target: sustaining enthusiasm and using intent consistently to guide resource allocation. Campbell et al. (1990) state that strategic intent is a concept that draws from both vision and mission, but it is closer in concept to the traditional definition of mission. The major conclusion of Campbell et al. is that strategic intent is a less powerful concept. Their major criticism is that the concept fails to include values and behaviour standards. A more serious problem, from our point of view, is embedded in the phrase strategic intent. Strategic intent, in essence, means the intent of the strategy, that is, when we have formulated strategies we next ascertain the direction and intent of such strategies. This is contrary to the viewpoint of most academics and managers. You have to know where you want to go before you can decide how to get there! Further insight into the concept of Vision may be gained if we look at some real life case studies. Case Histories: Wal Mart, Hewlett Packard, Matsushita Appliances and the Body Shop. In the 1950s, Sam Walton worked, inter alia, in the retail trade for the Chicago based Ben Franklin Stores. It was during this period that he formulated his vision for a discount store. It was a deceptively simple idea: a discount store with wholesale margins on every product, a store that simultaneously offered easy shopping and friendly service. The linchpin, or critical success factor, was that these stores would be situated in small towns. Sam Walton believed that there was a lot more business in those towns than people ever thought. (Snyder et al. 994) At the heart of Waltons vision for Wal Mart were his rock solid personal values of humility, honesty, frugality and trust. Despite his $9 billion family fortune, Sam held onto his Ford truck, casual clothes, modest ranch style house and simple no frills headquarters in out of the way Bentonville. Waltons personal values were translated into three key business principles: provide the customer with value and service in a clean an d friendly shopping environment: create a partnership with associates: and maintain commitment to the community. The critical and irreplaceable ingredient of Wal Marts success were the strengths and virtues of Sam Walton himself his overriding vision and unwavering values, his courage to take action, and his uncanny ability to motivate and inspire his associates. Walton was more than a great leader, he was an astute strategist. He searched with painstaking care for every individual who made up his management team. He sought individuals who believed in the discount concept and were dedicated to working long hours to see the vision become a reality. He created an organisation that thrived on innovation and in an atmosphere where people believed in themselves. He embraced technology as a change agent for innovation and remaining competitive. The results speak for themselves. Wal Mart has succeeded in satisfying not only its customers, but its employees, suppliers, investors, and host communities. Wal Mart outshines the rest of the industry in growth, sales, earnings, margins, and employee and floor productivity. The paradigm that Sam Walton established has been a winner. The question that remains is, will this paradigm still hold in our rapidly changing world? Or will there come a time when even Wal Mart will need to break out of its paradigm box? Bill Hewlett, Konosuke Matsushita and Anita Rodick, all tell the same story. We did what we thought was right and what came naturally to us. We believe strongly in some key principles and we have worked hard to stamp these on the company. We believe the principles we have been following are the most important part of our business. Hewlett Packard, Matsushita Appliances and The Body Shop were young organisations with no entrenched views and no established culture. The neural connections they made depended on the environment as embodied in the founders, extended stakeholders, and the influence of the political, demographic, economic, social and technological forces active at birth. The paradigm was being constructed, but it would take years for it to solidify into the so called paradigm box. Conclusions as related to Purpose, Vision and Paradigm. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion. The most important is that these apparently different concepts are essentially the same, and the differences between them that do exist are at the periphery and are not significant enough to warrant being treated differently. Purpose, Vision and Paradigm are so much the same that the many arguments to differentiate between them become semantic exercises and academic jargon. Strategic Intent would seem to fall into this category and might be called an exercise in repackaging. It is possible to postulate that the concept of Vision goes beyond profits and stakeholders, although these are an inherent part of it. Vision also addresses the community and in some instances even the society as a whole (The Body Shop, Wal Mart). Ambition and the future are essential elements of any Vision. Whether this ambition should be fettered or unlimited is open to debate. Hamel and Prahalad would have it unfettered, whilst Campbell states that it should be a stretch, but achievable. The case studies reveal that Vision encapsulates culture and values and beliefs. Just as the atom contains enormous energy which, when unleashed, can be beneficial or destructive, so the paradigm box contains enormous latent power or energy which, if unleashed, can be a powerful force for achievement or disruption. We know and understand why the development and institution of the Vision takes time. There are no short cuts. More importantly, because it takes so much time to create the paradigm box, the act of breaking out of it requires tremendous energy and effort. This has serious implications for change programmes. Finally, the law of causality insists that if we are to understand the present paradigm box or Vision, we need to return to the genesis of the company and reconstruct the initial conditions. Any changes from those initial conditions must be a result of the dynamics of the various force fields and their interaction. We will revisit this important conclusion when we look at how to change the Vision of a company. Creating and Institutionalising the Vision The importance of the creation of a Vision is abundantly clear from the discussion thus far. What we need to discuss at this point is how? How do we establish a Vision for a company? There are two important aspects to this problem: establishing a Vision for a newly formed company: and changing the Vision of an old, established company. Creating a Vision for a newly formed company As indicated, the neural connections that set up the vision/ paradigm of the newly created company takes place in the formative or embryonic and early growth phase of the company. We must ensure that the force fields which nteract with our newly established company are the correct ones. The leader plays the dominant role in this regard. Witness the way in which Henry Fords paradigm for decades was the paradigm of the Ford Motor Company, ditto for Sam Walton (Wal Mart), Watson (IBM), Ray Crock (MacDonalds), Anita Rodick of The Body Shop etc. In these early stages, the vision is installed both by design and by adaptation. It is the leader who installs a vision by design, when the neural pathways or architecture are constructed. The adaptation occurs when the external fields exert pressure on the organisation to adapt and thus influence the vision/ paradigm, and this will hold as long as the paradigm accommodates the changes taking place within the force fields that envelop the organisation. Changing the Vision: Paradigm of an established company How does one change the Vision/ Paradigm of a well established company that has been around for quite some time? We have noted that the ability to change is very much restricted by the paradigm box. In the established organisation, the founder approach is obviously not possible. Management has to work within the constraints of the existing paradigm and bring about change in an orderly manner. Upon inspection, the literature seems to favour two possible approaches. The first is the Intellectual Process. This approach brings top management together, who use techniques such as brainstorming, to formulate a new vision, which they then communicate throughout the organisation. The second method is the Focussed Approach. It is a more holistic approach, insofar as due recognition is given to all the possible relationships that exist and interact with one another. For the purposes of this paper, we will give no further attention to the Intellectual Process. Most writing on the subject of vision favours this approach and so it is well described in the literature. The Focussed Approach recognises the existence of a whole range of neural networks. This recognition of the principles that make the founder approach so successful, means that leaders who turn to the Focussed Approach can likewise found a new vision, even if it involves radical change. The starting point of the Focussed Approach is to establish the initial conditions. Who was the founder of the organisation? What values, beliefs and ethics did that person hold especially important? What was the environment like? What were the driving forces? Who were the stakeholders? What was happening in the social, political, economic and technological environment? The next step is to do the same analysis for the conditions of the present in order to determine what dynamics have been active and whether the original paradigm has shifted. With this information as backdrop, we are ready to initiate the necessary change programme. Although we show the change programme as a process, it must be remembered that the steps shown are not necessarily sequential and, in all probability, will be iterative. Select an initial strategic focus point. Something that is very necessary to change in terms of the survival of the organisation. At South African Airways, the initial focus will have to be to get the aircraft off on time, to improve the service delivered by cabin crew and frontline staff, and to ensure that SAA remain competitive. At the finance division of a major South African bank, the focus was to consolidate fourteen general ledgers into one, to supply accurate and timeous financial information to the operating divisions and the Reserve Bank, and to supply the divisions with financial intelligence to improve their decision making ability. In both these cases, no formal Vision statement should be, or was drafted in the initial stages of the realignment of the corporate direction. When selecting a strategic focus point the following aspects should be borne in mind: 1) the focus point must be at the core of both the future strategy and the future value system: 2) it should be easy to translate into standards of behaviour: 3) it should have strong value associations that are attractive to large sections of management and staff: and 4) it should be non controversial and be able to elicit a wide base of support. Included in most company Vision statements is some form of slogan, for example,The quest for Zero defect. This slogan, although it might not appear so at first glance, is crucial to the establishment of the new Vision. The word slogan originates from the Gaelic, army shout, or Scottish Highland war cry: so the slogan literally becomes the rallying cry of the organisation. The redirection or new focus the company is erking upon, {the creation of new neural connections}, must be brought to the attention of the stakeholders continuously, until the paradigm shift that needs to take place is completed and institutionalised within the company. This means that the slogan becomes an instrument not only of change, but also of indoctrination. At British Airways the challenge of improving frontline service was linked to the slogan Putting People First. All communications, training etc. , conveyed the idea (the value set) that people are important. This gave a rationale for the changes in the behaviour that were demanded, and for some they became an inspiration. The new Vision grew because the new behaviour standards were underpinned by organisational values that were attractive to the staff. (Campbell et. al. 1990) Putting people first is a slogan acceptable not only to the customer, but also to employees. Note that, in this process, the slogan comes before the formalisation of the Vision per se. Have an action orientation. This approach is, by definition, action orientated. This is in distinct contrast to the intellectual process, which begins with an intellectual exercise, then the downward communication of the results until the majority have bought in, followed by the operationalisation of these ideas in terms of the actions to be taken. With the Focus Approach, management get on with the job of making the new Focus work. In practice, they get the planes off the ground on schedule (SAA), they reengineer the general ledgers so that there is only one (Bank), they supply the necessary training to carry out the reengineering etc. The message to all stakeholders is unambiguous: problems that affect customers must be resolved. Communications must be Focus oriented. The reasons for changes to be made at the operational level must be explained, as opposed to exhorting people to change, or worse, explaining some intellectual exercise that most find difficult to comprehend. In a sense this continuous focus riented communication can be equated to the concept of evangelism and indoctrinisation. Communicating the tangible changes that are being made in order to achieve certain operational goals is the transparent end of the change program. The changes that are taking place in the culture, values, ethical norms and social architecture are in most cases only apparent to a few at the time of the change. Repetitivene ss and focussed communication are some of the underlying pillars of success. Concentrate on behaviour. An acceptance of Vision comes from the link between behaviour, organisation values and personal values. Michael Beer states: Those who implement successful transformations, focus on behaviour rather than simply talk about it (p. 34). Only a change in the context structure, system, staffing patterns and management process in which employees function can stimulate and sustain new management approaches (p. 35). An often underrated mechanism to change the culture is to change the people. ( See also Corporate Recovery, Slatter, 1984) Sometimes the crisis at hand mitigates against the normal time frame of change, or it could be that the paradigm is so entrenched in the old staff , that radical surgery is required. Harold Leavitt Corporate Pathfinders). Expect it to take time. The time it takes to establish the neural connections or paradigm box and to institutionalise the initial Vision stretches well into the early growth phase of the corporate life cycle. It stands to reason that any change programme will similarly take time. The time it takes will be dependent upon the amount of change that has to take place. If it is major, as in a crisis situation, it is conceivable that the duration will be prolonged. Build and sustain trust. Building trust, says Michael Beer, is a key element in the mobilisation of energy for change. The concept of trust must be seen in its wider context. Transparency, open communications, and sharing information are all part of the trust building process. However, let us reiterate an earlier comment. The focal point of everything being implemented in the organisation must be the focus programme. Let us not get carried away in the early stages with nice sounding rhetoric and political statements. Create the Vision Statement. At some stage, the Vision statement can be formalised and hung on the wall, included in the companys financial statements and reiterated in the chairmans report. The change agent will know when the company has travelled sufficiently far down the road of change: when the new paradigm is sufficiently on track not to jump off the rails: when it has become the way we do things here: when the conversion to the new religion has been accomplished. The Concept of Mission The literature identifies three basic schools of thought that apply to the concept of Mission. Broadly speaking, one school of thought describes mission in terms of business strategy. The second school describes it in terms of philosophy, values and ethics. The third school, the military, look at mission as the ultimate function of operational effectiveness. The Strategic View The genesis of the strategic approach was an article by Theodore Levit, Marketing Myopia, which appeared in the Harvard Business Review in 1960. This was later expanded upon by Abel and Hammond in their book Strategic Market Planning (1979). According to this approach, a Mission is defined in terms of the product or service, the clients to be served and the technology used to deliver the product or service to the customer. To do it this way, they argue, avoids the problem of being too vague or generalised: being in the transport business is the oft quoted example. When the Mission is anchored to products and services, clients or customers, and to delivery technology, it gives, at the same time, a clear statement of strategic direction. The interface between strategy and Mission is very concrete. Philosophical and Ethical View By contrast, the philosophical, social values and ethical view argues that Mission is the cultural glue that enables an organisation to function as a collective unity. This cultural glue consists of strong norms and values that influence the way people behave, how they work together and how they pursue the goals of the organisation. This approach sees Mission as encapsulating some of the emotional aspects of the organisation. We see that, in this respect, this approach encompasses many of the core concepts of Vision as we have discussed it above. Military Perspective Military historians such as Little Hart, Von Clausewitz and many others, have, after studying many wars, deduced what is commonly referred to as the ten principles of war. The first and major principle is the selection and maintenance of the aim. In order to achieve the aim it is essential that strategies be formulated. The execution and achievement of these strategies are, in turn, dependent on the successful completion of one or more missions. Tactical adaptations to the execution parameters of these missions will in most cases be a distinct possibility. It will be obvious from the above that aim is synonymous with Vision, and that the military consider Mission as an operational subset of Vision. It is the do, or objective, function. The military view is closely allied to the Able and Hammond approach discussed above. The Able and Hammond approach also incorporates a do function, in that it defines products and services, customers and technology in a three dimensional, isometric spatial diagram. This spatial diagram can be related directly to the strategy of the organisation. Conclusion as related to Mission The military and strategic approaches have much in common. In both, the ultimate function of the Mission is the achievement of an objective or goal which contributes directly to successful strategy implementation. By definition, they are both very much functional in content and are therefore referred to as functional strategies. The ethical or philosophical approach, as reviewed above has three distinct drawbacks. It contains many of the elements of the Vision which could be very confusing it lacks an action orientation and the interface with the strategy of the organisation is not clear. From our perspective it(ethical and philosophical approach) does not add value or any further insight to the academic discussion on Mission and if anything, would confuse rather than clarify the situation. Summary In this paper we dissected the concepts Purpose, Vision, Paradigm and Mission. Although these have been discussed in academic as well as management circles for many years, we still find a wide variety of opinions and departure points both in content and process. It is our contention that the concepts Purpose, Vision and paradigm are very similar at the core. The differences that exist are at the periphery and do not warrant the distinction between the concepts that are being placed on it at the moment. Mission however does warrant distinction. It is very much a do function and does not include all the other attributes of values, ethics, beliefs etc. (Some authors however do include these attributes). There is a very definite action orientation in a mission statement and it should not, to our way of thinking, be contaminated by moral, social or other force fields which are best suited to the Vision statement. Apart from the discussion on the above, we have also attempted to show how organisations can change their Vision by means of a structured but flexible approach. Breaking out of an existing paradigm box requires careful execution. Forces will be unleashed that can be very destructive if left undirected, if we are able to control the energy release we can ensure constructive application of this energy. To this end issues such as strategic thrust areas, repetitive communication, behavioural norms, non controversial programs, building of trust and messianic leadership need to be addressed. Finally, creating a new Vision for a company is not something that can be undertaken lightly, nor is it something that can be achieved at a two day seminar. It needs strategic thinking, the creation of something that