Mental Health and the Prison System

Who are the victims of mental health and how they are treated within the legal and prison system? Mental health or mental illness, base on the question, ‘is concern with illnesses of the mind, or with treating illnesses of the mind.’ (Longman, p.890) These illnesses, which affect the mind, create hallucinations that can lead the people who suffer from them to cause harm to the innocent people who fall victim to them. According to the Longman dictionary, the word ‘victim’ refers to ‘someone who has been attacked, robbed or murdered’. (Longman, p.1593) It can also refer to someone who suffers because they are affected by an illness. In January 1999, a young woman was pushed from behind, in front of a New York City subway train, to her death. Her murderer was a mentally ill patient who had refused to consume his medication. This young woman’s name was Kendra Webdale and the Kendra’s law was named after her. She was considered a victim of mental health. There are many other cases who were fall victim to these illnesses. Due to their mental illnesses, many people questioned whether these ‘criminals’ should be charged and face the consequences or should they be treated in the hospital for the mentally ill under strict control and supervision. They are being view as the victims of the mental health for the reason that they are not in their ‘right’ minds to judge. This occurs because they are suffering from the illness affecting their mind. Looking from the patients’ point of view, they are undergoing a lot of stress due to their conditions as they have fears that they are not accepted by the family, friends and society. With the stress they are undergoing, they might not be able to face the fact and would not want to take their medication. This had led to intervention of the legal system to control the situation. According to Kendra’s Law, a procedure has to be followed for obtaining court orders for certain individuals with mental illness to receive and accept assisted outpatient treatment (AOT). (Office of Mental Health, 2006) The mentally ill individual who can qualify for AOT must be at least 18 years old and shows a sign of being incapable of surviving on his own. In view of the concern that the patient may do serious harm to others in the society, an AOT is more likely to benefit him. The request for AOT can be done by the parent, spouse, sibling, director of a hospital, licensed psychologist or a probation officer. However, there are some lawyers who contest that the law will only serve to violate the patient’s process protection. In addition, many wonder if the implementation of this law is strong enough to force a person to take medication. There is always the possibility of the patient having tried to seek treatment but failed. As such, the government should not simply laws to force the taking of medication but for the state to provide medication as well. In the case of the prison system, there has been a significant increase in the number of inmates who are found to be severely mentally ill. Despite the increase in the number of inmates, the medical treatment necessary for this group of inmate did not increase. Moreover, the staff handling them are not properly trained and thus, many of these inmates are being victimized in the prison cells due to their disorganized speech and behaviour. Their inability to communicate well with others may in turn antagonize their officers or fellow inmates. In conclusion, the victims of mental health do not necessarily refer to only the ones suffering from the illness but those who are indirectly affected as well. The patients should be given proper and better treatment and the society should also be educated on how these patients need to be treated in order to survive in the society. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harold E. Shabo. 2001. Social Costs: Criminal Justice and Mental Health System Gaps which Contribute to the Criminalization of Mentally Disordered Persons. California. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Longman. 1999. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English: International Students Edition. Pearson Education Limited. Spain. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Office of Mental Health. 2006. An Explanation of Kendra’s Law. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   About: Mental Health. 2006. Forced Mental Treatment has a Place.   http://www.mentalhealth.about.com/cs/schizophrenia/a/commit204.htm 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mental Health Services. 2006. Bureau of Mental Health Services. http://www.drc.state.oh.us/web/mentalhealth.htm

Civil Rights Movement Essay

The civil rights movement in the United States was a political, legal, and social struggle that was organized primarily by black Americans with some help from white America. The civil rights struggle was aimed at gaining full citizenship and racial equality for all Americans, particularly the most discriminated group, African Americans, and was first and foremost a challenge to segregation. Segregation was deeply embedded in the South and was used to control blacks since the reconstruction of the South following the American Civil War. During the civil rights movement, individuals and organizations challenged segregation and discrimination by using a number of methods that included protests, marches, boycotts, and refusing segregation laws. Most historians agree that the civil rights movement began with either the Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 or the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965; however, there is a lot of debate on when it began a nd ended. There were civil rights issues well into the 1980s. The main tool of discrimination against blacks in the United States was segregation, often called the Jim Crow system. Segregation became common in the South after the Reconstruction when the Democratic Party had gained control of the South and started to reverse black advances made during reconstruction. Jim Crow laws emerged and effectively segregated every aspect of life for blacks in the South. This segregation included, but was not limited to, separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were inferior to white establishments. In theory, the black and white establishments were to be equal. The denial of voting rights, known as disfranchisement, is how the South controlled segregation. Between 1890 and 1910 virtually all the Southern states passed laws imposing requirements for voting that kept the black voter out. Some of these requirements included, the ability to read and write, property ownership, and paying poll taxes; all these tactics were in direct violation of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Blacks were virtually powerless, because they could not vote there was nothing they could do to prevent the segregation of the South. Conditions in the North were slightly better, blacks could vote but there were so few blacks in the North before World War II that their votes barely counted, furthermore, even though segregated facilities in the North did not exist legally, most blacks were denied access to the more affluent facilities. There were civil rights movements prior to the 1960s. The National Afro-American League was formed in 1890 followed by the Niagara Movement in 1905, and then the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909, the NAACP was to have a great impact on the civil rights movement of the 1960s and still continues to exist today. The NAACP became one of the most important organizations that championed civil rights in the twentieth century and relied on a legal strategy that challenged segregation and discrimination against blacks by using the American legal system. There were many cases that the NAACP fought in court that set the precedence for the legal battles during the civil rights movement that would take place twenty to thirty years later. Although the legal battles fought by the NAACP in the 1920s and 1930s did little to change discrimination against blacks they did lay the foundation for a legal and social challenge to the system the South had built. After two world wars and a nationwide depression the civil rights movement that most Americans are familiar with began to emerge. The great depression which devastated the United States in the late 1920s caused a migration of black Americans from the South to other parts of the country, this migration exposed many of them to different views on segregation and discrimination, many of these blacks from the South became the civil rights activist of the 1960s. World War II also caused migrations of large number of blacks within the United States as many blacks found themselves moving up the social ladder as they took over war essential factory jobs. On the other hand, the return of black soldiers that had a new outlook on social and racial equality in the United States most likely was one of the biggest factors that caused the civil rights movements of the 1960s. Not just black Americans were affected by these events; there were many white Americans, even in the South that felt a change was needed. One such white southerner, Harold Fleming wrote: It wasn’t that I came to love Negroes; it was that I came to despise the system that did this. I mean, the nearest thing you could be in the army to being black was to be a company officer with black troops, because you lived and operated under the same circumstances they did, and they got crapped all over . . . You were sort of a second-class officer or a second-class white because of your assignment. Fleming was a conventional white southerner born in Atlanta, Georgia, after he became involved in civil rights issues and according to Fleming, many of his white southern contemporaries would say, â€Å"You ought to know better, being a native-born Georgia white.† With all these factors in place, the civil rights movement in America emerged around the mid 1950s. On 17 May 1954, after hearing arguments on five cases that challenged elementary and secondary school segregation, the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that stated racially segregated education was unconstitutional. Although this was an historic ruling that essentially voided the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of 1896 that established the separate but equal doctrine which was so prevalent in the South. The fundamental problem with the Brown v. Education was that the U.S. Supreme Court did not have a plan to enforce this ruling. The ruling stated that the school cases were class actions and that left the states with the enforcement of this ruling, the court wrote, â€Å"because of the wide applicability of this decision, and because of the great variety of local conditions, the formulation of decrees in these cases presents problems of considerable complexity.† At first white Southerners received this ruling with shock, however, by 1955 white opposition had grown into a massive resistance with organizations like the White Citizens Council; this council called for the economic coercion of blacks and whites who favored integrated schools. Schools in the South remained desegregated; this desegregation became a national issue when the governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus openly defied a federal court order to admit nine black students to a Little Rock high school on 2 September 1957. The media dramatized the seriousness of desegregation by showing the nation pictures of an American high school being patrolled by federal troops so that black students could be protected from angry white mobs. The civil rights movement quickly moved beyond school desegregation to challenge other unjust institutions in the South. It was Rosa Parks, a member of the Montgomery, Alabama NAACP, who refused to give up her seat to a white person on 1 December 1955; the Montgomery bus boycott that brought the city of Montgomery, Alabama to its knees had begun. Parks was arrested and the black community leaders rallied local blacks to protest segregated buses; this local protest evolved into a national boycott that involved support of over 50,000 blacks and lasted over a year and showed the American public the determination of the blacks to end segregation. During the Montgomery bus boycott the most influential civil rights leader emerged; Martin Luther King, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) became, undeniably, the most important figure throughout the civil rights movement. It was King who seemed to have a master plan for the boycott, he emphasized keeping the struggle within the law and advocated nonviolence to achieve the goals of the civil rights movement. During the Montgomery bus boycott, King stated: We are not asking for an end to segregation, that’s a matter for the legislature and the courts. We feel that we have a plan within the law. All we are seeking is justice and fair treatment . . . We don’t like the idea of Negroes having to stand when there are vacant seats. We are demanding justice on that point. King’s and other black leaders along with the protestors of the Montgomery bus boycott hard work eventually paid off, in November 1956, a federal court ordered that Montgomery’s buses desegregate. The Montgomery bus boycott was one of the milestones of the civil rights movement because it established a national civil rights movement that recognized King as the leader and showed that nonviolent protest would work. Four black college students from North Carolina A & T University sat at a white only lunch counter on 1 February 1960 in Greensboro, North Carolina to protest racial segregation; within weeks, these student â€Å"sit-ins† had spread across the South to many cities as a form of protest. In April 1960, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded to help organize and direct the student â€Å"sit-in† movement; SNCC would eventually move into other areas of the civil rights movement. Because SNCC focused on making changes at the local level rather than the national level, many of the accomplishments of this organization did not become nationally known. The â€Å"sit-ins† did make the national news media and it was the New York Times that brought it to a national level. The New York Times published an article that interviewed the store superintendent and the students, the article also told of how white teenagers and Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members tried to bar the way on the fifth day of the Greensboro â€Å"sit-in.† It was the well spoken black student Ezall Blair who told the newspaper on the second day that the students had been â€Å"complacent and fearful† the previous day and that they decided that morning that is was time for black students to â€Å"wake up and change the situation.† By November 1960, one hundred and fifty-five communities across the South had television crews that were filming the demonstrations and the injustice that the students faced, white America, through the use of the mass media was seeing the same scenes over and over and for the first time witnessed segregation in the South; the scenes shown were of students patiently waiting to get served, angry white hecklers, and carloads of students being taken to jail by police. White students joined in, and in the North, many students boycotted the larger stores in the North that had lunch counters in the South, such as Woolworths. The culmination of the â€Å"sit-ins† occurred in Nashville, Tennessee, when, surprisingly, an unlikely ally emerged for the â€Å"sit-ins.† The mayor of Nashville, Ben West, announced that lunch counters in Nashville would not be segregated. When asked why he made that decision, West replied, â€Å"I could not agree that it was morally right for someone to sell them merchandise and refuse them service . . . It was a moral question that a man has to answer, and not a politician.† The â€Å"sit-ins† clearly demonstrated to America that young blacks and whites were determined to reject segregation openly and together. After the â€Å"sit-ins† many of the SNCC members began to participate in freedom rides that started in the summer of 1961, these â€Å"Freedom Riders,† both black and white, traveled the south in buses to test a 1960 Supreme Court decision that stated segregation was illegal in bus stations that were open to interstate travel. These freedom rides were organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and started in Washington, D.C., as the buses moved south more violence was directed towards them. This violence peaked when in Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, buses were burned and the riders beaten. As a result of the freedom rides, the Attorney General’s Office realized that the Supreme Court decision in the Boynton v. Virginia was not enough to end discrimination on the Interstates and bus stations. In November 1963, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the administration of President John Kennedy intervened and regulations were issued. By 1963, the Attorney General was able to say, â€Å"Systematic segregation of Negroes in interstate transportation has disappeared.† While the freedom rides and â€Å"sit-ins† were happening, SCLC leaders, under the guidance of King, were planning a series of protest campaigns that would happen throughout Southern cities, these campaigns were to be highly publicized and were to break the barriers of age, social status, and race. The demonstrations were to be against racial injustice and required the mobilization of thousands of peaceful demonstrators, both black and white, who were willing to participate in protest marches as long as necessary and who were also willing to be arrested and go to jail to achieve their goals. The first direct action protest took place in the spring of 1961 at Albany, Georgia. The presence of King and other SCLC leaders escalated the Albany protests by bringing national attention to Albany, however, after months of protests the police continued to jail protestors without a show of police violence and the protests ended in failure. The protests continued across the South with see mingly little success. In the spring of 1963, SCLC’s direct action protests finally saw success; sadly, this success was at the expense of many protesters of whom some were elementary age school children. After mass demonstrations had been conducted for several days in Birmingham, Alabama, SCLC begin to send children in to the protests, some of them as young as six. The Birmingham police chief, Eugene Connor, jailed thousands of them and provoked the outrage of parents and caused the media to give undivided attention to the Birmingham protest, this is what King needed to be successful. The next day more children marched and Connor reacted with violence; photographs of high pressure fire hoses and police dog attacks released on peaceful demonstrators appeared on national and international media, producing an international outcry. Eventually some protestors began to fight back and the state police were called in, King called for a twenty-four hour truce. The next day, On 9 May 1963, King announce an agreement with some white business leaders of Birmingham; they agreed to the desegregation of some public facilities within ninety days, progress in hiring and promotion, the release of arrested protestors, and a biracial committee. Birmingham mayor, Art Hanes called the white negotiators â€Å"a bunch of quisling, gutless traitors,† King stated that the settlement was â€Å"the most significant victory for justice we’ve ever seen in the Deep South.† The civil rights movement direct action marches, for the most part, ended with the march on Washington D.C. In August 1963, over 200,000 civil rights supporters conducted a peaceful march in Washington, D.C.; it was at this demonstration that King gave his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech.† Because of this march, President Kennedy proposed a new civil rights law; after Kennedy was assassinated, President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress as a tribute to Kennedy. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), SNCC, SCLC, CORE, and NAACP all joined forces in 1964 to work towards establishing voter’s rights for blacks, particularly in the South. Voting rights issues have always been an objective of the civil rights movement, in fact, after the â€Å"sit-ins† and freedom rides, SNCC focused most of their attention on establishing voter’s rights and educating blacks on how to vote. It was most likely the combination of a series of deaths of civil rights workers in the South, and the MFDPs arrival at the Democratic National Convention of 1964 that caused all the different civil rights organizations to work together towards voting rights; It may also have been that simply voter’s rights was the last major obstacle to overcome. It was on 22 August 1964, during the Democratic National Convention, that MFDP member Fannie Lou Hamer, who was from a Mississippi sharecropper family, addressed the nation on national television. Hamer’s sincere and articulate speech made supporters for black voting rights all over the nation. President Johnson, who did not support the MFDP, tried to detract attention from Hamer by conducted a last minute press conference on national television as Hamer was giving her testimony; his ploy did not work. President Johnson recognized the support Hamer was getting and was willing to compromise and recognized the predominately black MFDP. It was the Selma, Alabama march on 7 March 1965 that was the final event to cause the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to happen. SCLC employed direct action techniques in a voting rights protest initiated by SNCC in Selma, when these protest were unsuccessful the protesters began a march to Montgomery, Alabama. As the marchers were leaving Selma, mounted police used tear gas and batons to beat down marchers and others who were not part of the march, this became known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday.† Because the march was televised, the violence shocked many Americans and caused a much-needed national support for a law to protect the Southern blacks’ right to vote. On 15 March 1965, President Johnson announced that he would send a voting rights bill to Congress. In a televised address to a joint session, Johnson spoke on racial injustices and stated, â€Å"Their cause must be our cause, too. Because it’s not just Negroes, but really it’s all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigo! try and injustice,† then he shocked the nation by saying, â€Å"And we shall overcome.† Two days later a voting rights bill went to Congress. On 6 August 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the civil rights movement, according to most historians, ended. Bibliography: Albert, Peter J. and Hoffman, Ronald, eds., We Shall Overcome: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Black Freedom Struggle. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990.

How to Spot a Scam or Fraud in the Medical Field? Essay

There are many way to spot a scam or fraud in the medical field. Medical frauds range from people posing as doctors and practicing without a license, to useless supplements, worthless or dangerous diet aides, fake medicines and cures for cancer. Making good health decisions is hard and sadly some immoral people make it even more difficult by attempting to deceive and cheat the sick. Not everyone knows enough about medicine to spot a medical fraud or scam but this essay will give you some places to start. Avoiding medical fraud is important because a delay in real treatment can create potentially deadly complications. You should know that some medical frauds are simply con artists. Some medical fraud is simply a con artist looking for a quick pay off, so  you must know how to spot a con man. You also have to understand that many medical frauds are victims themselves. Many people who push bad medicine believe that they are actually helping because they have been fooled themselves by someone else. With these people the standard methods of spotting a con artist will not work because they honestly want to help. You should always check for the phrase â€Å"cure-all†. If a person tells you something is a cure-all 99% of the time it is actually a cure-nothing. Real medicine recognizes that each disease is unique and so there is no single procedure or substance that can cure all. Check for a single cause theory will also help. The corollary to the cure-all fraud is the single cause theory. This is simply the claim that all diseases and conditions can be explained by a single cause. Common examples of this fraud include unbalanced energy or toxins. Asking about side effects is important. Anything that has an ability to affect your body positively could also affect it negatively. If a person tells you that their treatment never has any side effects, you are likely dealing with a fraud or scam. You must listen for conspiracy theories. Since they lack scientific evidence to support their practice many medical frauds resort to wild-eyed conspiracy theories regarding other medicines. A popular example is the claim that scientists have cured all cancer, but they keep it secret so that they can make more money selling medicines for the symptoms. Obviously false as a patent on the cure for cancer would be the most valuable commodity the world has ever known. Listen for spiritual claims will also help. Spirituality is great, but it has no place in medicine. If a person claims a spiritual mechanism for how their treatments work, you might be dealing with a fraud of some type. While there  are  links between emotional well-being and physical condition, there is no medically-proven program for treating physical symptoms with mental or spiritual techniques. Pay for it at your own risk. Listen for claims regarding â€Å"toxins†. A popular fraud right now is the claim that everyone’s body accumulates mysterious toxins, usually in the colon or liver but sometimes throughout the entire body. Frauds claim that these mysterious toxins need to be removed because they are the cause of all diseases and ailments. This process often involves enemas, fasting, or ingesting a wide variety of herbs. There is no scientific evidence that the toxins exist, or that the cleansing process is at all beneficial. In many cases it is actually harmful. You should never take any medical advice from a person who recommends this treatment. Ask for their official title and look it up. Real medical professionals have what is called a â€Å"protected title†. This means that laws do not allow just anyone to call themselves by that title, you must first complete recognized training. Many frauds create a title that closely resembles the legally protected title and hope that average people do not know the difference. For example, dietitian and nutritionist. Only dietitian is protected, which means that anyone may call themselves a nutritionist if they wish. People without legally protected titles are not always frauds and scam artists, but they are much more likely to be. You should ask for their opinion on vaccinations. If someone opposes vaccinations it is a sure sign that they are some form of a medical fraud or quack, or at the very least uneducated. Ask a doctor that you trust. If you ever aren’t sure about something get a second opinion from a doctor that you know well and trust.

Leymah Gbowee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leymah Gbowee - Essay Example sexual favors in return for accepting a girl to study at her school and also teenage girls being sold for prostitution on less than a dollar per night (Ted Talk, 2012). She was also lamenting on how we have policies such as the No Child Left Behind and UN Childrens Rights acts, but they do not seem to work. Most of these points are true such as the alarming teenage pregnancy rate among children and also that most girls, particularly in Africa, fail to go to school mostly because they lack the resources or society will not let them. Today, girls are married of at young age or sold to prostitution denying them a chance to go to school. What the speaker was trying to stress is that society sees girls as tools instead of human beings, which is mostly true in some parts of the world, for instance, Liberia (Ted Talk, 2012). The only part where I tend to disagree with the speaker is that policies such as No Child Left Behind an UN Childrens Rights. Most of these policies are effective in some regions, for example, the United States. It is up to these other regions like Liberia to effectively apply them. In such a speech, in order to greatly deliver your message, you need to make people truly feel what you are talking about. For example, when talking about the situation in Liberia it would be significant to use video clips or pictures or even bring the girls from the region to tell the story themselves. This will at least give the audience a clear picture of the message being delivered. However, these presentations should not be more of something fancy, but convey the topic of the talk. Your speech should be simple, with a clear start, middle and conclusion. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else. When Chris Anderson asked Gbowee what troubles her most about Liberia, she went into a lot of detail only to give a simple answer in her next response that it is teenage pregnancy (Ted Talk, 2012). An advice that I could give Gbowee to help her improve her speech

Sistine chapel as a religious art piece Term Paper

Sistine chapel as a religious art piece - Term Paper Example al events, Roman Catholics preserved many of the ancient paintings from the ancient history of Christianity and renovated them through the medieval periods till the modern era of architecture and art. Majority of the paintings found from the history of civilization process of Europe during the Renaissance period show an indisputable integration of religion and art that passed through Christianity and Jewish art and culture. This paper will make an appreciation of the Sistine Chapel at the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City as a monumental evidence of the relationship between art and religions in the medieval Europe. The Sistine Chapel is one of the most reverent and oldest religious monumental buildings owned by the Christian community. The present day’s appearance of the chapel has travelled a long way of multiple transformation processes during the regimes of various Popes ever since its creation. The Sistine Chapel carries the glory of being a unique construction by the historical integration of Christian ideologies with the Jewish artistic skills. Located at the Papal Palace, the primary function of the Sistine Chapel is to be the venue of the Papal Conclave which conducts the elections for the pope. This monumental construction also functions as the center for Papal Chapel, the organized body of clerics and priests of the pope’s palace. This chapel works as the stage for conducting the collective masses in the palace to celebrate the reverence of the pope on distinguished occasions. The chapel has a historical tradition of observing the Sunday mass under the priesthood of the pope. However, these masses are limited to the service of the elite group of Vatican City and to the invitees from special classes of Rome. In other words, these masses are exclusively open to the special guests and are not open to the common public. Moreover, the chapel has the conservative follow up of a system that sees the closure of the religious functions on the occasion of

Integration Management (HSBC and Oman International Bank (OIB) Merge) Essay

Integration Management (HSBC and Oman International Bank (OIB) Merge) - Essay Example Unable to procure more deposits and gain asset improvement and growth, OIB was ill-equipped to sustain a strong competitive presence domestically and internationally. Synergies of the merger include better marketing prowess, how to utilise market research studies to create more customer-centric and relevant services, streamlining of the banking service model to include more electronic banking elements, and decentralisation of business practices to generate more innovative solutions supported by HSBC’s very strong economic portfolio to make changes necessary to adjust to changing market conditions. It is through the merger that the previous business entity Oman International Bank will be able to effectively compete with domestic financial institutions and prepare the organisation for building a global competitive presence. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................... ..... 2.0 The rationale for the merger – defining the problem............................................... 2.1 Government and institutional problems....................................................... 3.0 Achieving synergies through the merger – solutions to the problem....................... 4.0 Conclusion................................................................................................................ ... side of the more obvious strategic intentions of the merger related to improving the financial portfolio of HBSC and OIB, it is anticipated that this merger will lead to a variety of significant synergies that will make the new entity, HSBC Bank Oman SAOG, more competitive in the Middle East. As a conglomerate whole, HSBC Holdings Plc earned total revenues of 75.6 billion USD in 2012, sustaining an asset valuation of 2.69 trillion USD (HSBC 2012), making HSBC the largest bank in the world in terms of revenues and total liquidity. HSBC is also the sixth largest publicly traded business in the globe as reported by Forbes Magazine in 2012, even larger than Royal Dutch Shell and Berkshire Hathaway (Forbes 2013). HSBC now owns 51 percent, a majority holding, of OIB (AME Info 2012). Established in 1984, Oman International Bank, a bank maintaining 82 different branches in Oman and four branches in Pakistan and India, maintained total assets of 703.7 million rial (the official currency of Om an) in 2011 (GBCM 2011). Until the merger with HSBC, Oman International Bank (OIB) was 100 percent owned by the Omani government. Unfortunately, OIB was the only bank operating in Oman that experienced a net loss in net income of 9.2 percent whilst other banks in the sector, including Ahli Bank and Bank Sohar experienced net income growth of 28.8 percent and 14.8 percent respectively (GBCM 2011). Because of this inability to improve net income growth, the merger between OIB and HSBC represented a significant opportunity to improve the bank’s financial position and liquidity. This merger between HSBC and OIB was only approved in June of 2012, making the merged entity now known as HSBC Bank Oman in the earliest development stages of the alliance. As such, there is limited published

Discrimination in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in the Workplace - Essay Example These needs should make all employees feel as if they are their own managers or bosses. In addition, an efficient job design in criminal justice agencies should provide employees with a prospect to learn different things in the job setting. It should also attract help and respect from colleagues, increase meaning in an employee’s work, and promote a future that is desirable (Allen, 1993). Job design in criminal justice agencies should take into consideration the Americans with Disabilities Act provisions in creating accommodations that are reasonable to employees who are disabled. The Americans with Disabilities Act is established to safeguard the disabled people’s civil rights. The protection is the same to that which protects individuals of different ethnic backgrounds, religions, and races. Criminal justice agencies should have a job design that incorporates the Americans with Disabilities Act so that all employees with disabilities can wholesomely access and partici pate fully in every societal event. Job design in criminal justice agencies should be made in a way that eliminates any barrier that may refuse disabled persons equivalent chance and job access, telecommunications, organization’s services, and transportation (Allen, 1993). The Americans with Disabilities Act constitutes five distinct parts. The first part is related to employment. The job design in criminal justice agencies should incorporate the employment part of the Americans with Disabilities Act when making their employments. This part forbids any form of employment discrimination against people who are disabled and qualified. Part two is concerned with public services. Criminal justice agencies should design their activities, services, or programs in a nondiscriminatory manner. For example, transportation services in any justice agency should take into consideration all employees including those who are disabled. The agencies should eliminate communications and architec tural obstacles in a new construction or any ongoing one (Colker & Milani, 2005). For instance, their offices and buildings should be manageable to disabled people and those who use wheelchairs. Part three comprises commercial facilities and public accommodations. A criminal agency should permit their disabled employees to get involved in the services and products provision. Their office buildings and public accommodation places should be easily accessible to people who are disabled. Part four constitutes telecommunications. The agencies should corporate with phone companies to provide relay services for people with speech and hearing impairments. The fifth part of the Americans with Disabilities Act comprises miscellaneous, technical and legal specifications. This should direct the criminal justice agencies the guidelines to provide equal or sufficient rights protection to all disabled persons (Colker & Milani, 2005). Nonetheless, accommodations that are reasonable should be adopte d unless they are expensive or of significant difficulty. Question 2 George Lane and other disabled individuals sued Tennessee for not accessing the top floors of Tennessee state courthouses. They argued that they were not allowed to enter the building because of their disabilities. Tennessee violated the second part of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This part is concerned with public services. In addition, this part of the Americans with Disabilities Act permits people who are victimized to sue for damages. On the other hand,